Editing Susanoo-no-Mikoto (section)

=== Susanoo and Amaterasu ===
[[File:Tôzan - Tsuba with the Sun Goddess Amaterasu and Her Brother Susano-ô - Walters 51244.jpg|thumb|Sword guard ({{Transliteration|ja|[[Japanese sword mountings#Tsuba|tsuba]]}}) depicting Susanoo meeting Amaterasu in Takamagahara]]
Before Susanoo leaves, he ascends to Takamagahara, wishing to say farewell to his sister Amaterasu. As he did so, the mountains and rivers shook and the land quaked. Amaterasu, suspicious of his motives, went out to meet him dressed in male clothing and clad in armor, but when Susanoo proposed a trial by pledge ({{Transliteration|ja|[[ukehi]]}}) to prove his sincerity, she accepted. In the ritual, the two gods each chewed and spat out an object carried by the other (in some variants, an item they each possessed).

*Both the {{Transliteration|ja|Kojiki}} and the {{Transliteration|ja|Nihon Shoki}}'s main account relate that Amaterasu broke Susanoo's {{nihongo|ten-span sword|十拳剣 / 十握剣|[[Totsuka-no-Tsurugi|totsuka no tsurugi]]}} into three, chewed them and then spat them out. [[Munakata Taisha|Three goddesses]] – Takiribime (Tagorihime), Ichikishimahime, and Tagitsuhime – were thus born. Susanoo then took the strings of {{Transliteration|ja|[[magatama]]}} beads Amaterasu entwined in her hair and round her wrists, likewise chewed the beads and spat them out. Five male deities – Ame-no-Oshihomimi, Ame-no-Hohi, Amatsuhikone, Ikutsuhikone, and Kumano-no-Kusubi – then came into existence.<ref>Chamberlain (1882). [http://sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj020.htm Section XIII.—The August Oath.]</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource |author-first= William George |author-last= Aston |chapter= Book I |wslink= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |plaintitle= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |year= 1896 |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.|wspage=35}}</ref>
*A variant account in the {{Transliteration|ja|Nihon Shoki}} has Amaterasu chew three different swords she bore with her – a ten-span sword, a {{nihongo|nine-span sword|九握剣|kokonotsuka no tsurugi}}, and an {{nihongo|eight-span sword|八握剣|yatsuka no tsurugi}} – while Susanoo chewed the {{Transliteration|ja|magatama}} necklace that hung on his neck.<ref>{{cite wikisource |author-first= William George |author-last= Aston |chapter= Book I |wslink= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |plaintitle= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |year= 1896 |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.|wspage=37}}</ref>
*Another variant account in the {{Transliteration|ja|Shoki}} has Susanoo meet a {{Transliteration|ja|kami}} named {{nihongo|Ha'akarutama|羽明玉}} on his way to heaven. This deity presented him with the {{Transliteration|ja|magatama}} beads used in the ritual. In this version, Amaterasu begets the three goddesses after chewing the {{Transliteration|ja|magatama}} beads Susanoo obtained earlier, while Susanoo begets the five gods after biting off the edge of Amaterasu's sword.<ref>{{cite wikisource |author-first= William George |author-last= Aston |chapter= Book I |wslink= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |plaintitle= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |year= 1896 |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.|wspage=38}}</ref>
*A third variant has Amaterasu chewing three different swords to beget the three goddesses as in the first variant. Susanoo, in turn, begat six male deities after chewing the ''magatama'' beads on his hair bunches and necklace and spitting them on his hands, forearms, and legs.<ref>{{cite wikisource |author-first= William George |author-last= Aston |chapter= Book I |wslink= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |plaintitle= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |year= 1896 |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.|wspage=39}}</ref>

[[File:MET 12 37 84.jpg|thumb|left|Necklace of ''magatama'' beads]]

[[File:Origin of the Cave Door Dance (Amaterasu) by Shunsai Toshimasa 1889.jpg|260px|thumb|Amaterasu emerges from the Heavenly Rock Cave (Shunsai Toshimasa, 1887)]]
Amaterasu declares that the male deities were hers because they were born of her necklace, and that the three goddesses were Susanoo's.<ref>Chamberlain (1882). [http://sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj021.htm Section XIV.—The August Declaration of the Division of the August Male Children and the August Female Children.]</ref> Susanoo, announcing that he had won the trial,{{efn|Because (A) in the ''Kojiki'', the children borne by Amaterasu but fathered by him were female; or (B) in the ''Shoki'', the children borne by him but mothered by Amaterasu were male.}} thus signifying the purity of his intentions, "raged with victory" and proceeded to wreak havoc by destroying his sister's rice fields, defecating in her palace and flaying the 'heavenly piebald horse' (天斑駒, ''ame-no-fuchikoma''), which he then hurled at Amaterasu's loom, killing one of her weaving maidens.<ref>Chamberlain (1882). [http://sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj022.htm Section XV.—The August Ravages of His Impetuous-Male-Augustness.]</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Philippi |first1=Donald L. |title=Kojiki |year=2015 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-7800-0 |page=79}}</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource |author-first= William George |author-last= Aston |chapter= Book I |wslink= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |plaintitle= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |year= 1896 |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.|wspage=40}}</ref> A furious Amaterasu in response hid inside the [[Ama-no-Iwato]] ("Heavenly Rock Cave"), plunging heaven and earth into total darkness. The gods, led by [[Omoikane (Shinto)|Omoikane-no-Kami]] (思金神), eventually persuade her to come out of the cave, restoring light to the world.<ref>Chamberlain (1882). [http://sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj023.htm Section XVI.—The Door of the Heavenly Rock-Dwelling.]</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource |author-first= William George |author-last= Aston |chapter= Book I |wslink= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |plaintitle= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |year= 1896 |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.|wspage=42}}</ref> As punishment for his misdeeds, Susanoo is thrown out of Takamagahara:<ref name="ChamberlainXVII">Chamberlain (1882). [http://sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj024.htm Section XVII.—The August Expulsion of His-Impetuous-Male-Augustness.]</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource |author-first= William George |author-last= Aston |chapter= Book I |wslink= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |plaintitle= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |year= 1896 |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.|wspage=45}}</ref>

[[File:Guimet Haniwa 01.JPG|thumb|110px|6th century ([[Kofun period]]) [[Haniwa]] depicting a warrior wearing the male ''mizura'' hairstyle, in which the hair is parted into two bunches or loops]]
{{blockquote|At this time the eight-hundred myriad deities deliberated together, imposed upon Haya-Susanoo-no-Mikoto a fine of a thousand tables of restitutive gifts, and also, cutting off his beard and the nails of his hands and feet, had him exorcised and expelled him with a divine expulsion.<ref>Translation from {{cite book |last1=Philippi |first1=Donald L. |title=Kojiki |year=2015 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-7800-0 |pages=85–86}} Names (transcribed in [[Old Japanese]] in the original) have been changed into their modern equivalents.</ref>}}

*A fourth variant of the story in the ''Shoki'' reverses the order of the two events. This version relates that Susanoo and Amaterasu each owned three rice fields; Amaterasu's fields were fertile, while Susanoo's were dry and barren. Driven by jealousy, Susanoo ruins his sister's rice fields, causing her to hide in the Ama-no-Iwato and him to be expelled from heaven (as above). During his banishment, Susanoo, wearing a [[Straw hat|hat]] and a [[Mino (straw cape)|raincoat]] made of straw, sought shelter from the heavy rains, but the other gods refused to give him lodging. He then ascends to heaven once more to say farewell to Amaterasu.

{{blockquote|After this, Sosa no wo no Mikoto said:—'All the Gods have banished me, and I am now about to depart for ever. Why should I not see my elder sister face to face; and why take it on me of my own accord to depart without more ado?' So he again ascended to Heaven, disturbing Heaven and disturbing Earth. Now Ame no Uzume, seeing this, reported it to the Sun-Goddess. The Sun-Goddess said:—'My younger brother has no good purpose in coming up. It is surely because he wishes to rob me of my kingdom. Though I am a woman, why should I shrink?' So she arrayed herself in martial garb, etc., etc.<br />
Thereupon Sosa no wo no Mikoto swore to her, and said:—'If I have come up again cherishing evil feelings, the children which I shall now produce by chewing jewels will certainly be females, and in that case they must be sent down to the Central Land of Reed-Plains. But if my intentions are pure, then I shall produce male children, and in that case they must be made to rule the Heavens. The same oath will also hold good as to the children produced by my elder sister.'<ref>{{cite wikisource |author-first= William George |author-last= Aston |chapter= Book I |wslink= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |plaintitle= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |year= 1896 |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.|wspage=50}}</ref>}}

The two then perform the ''ukehi'' ritual; Susanoo produces six male deities from the ''magatama'' beads on his hair knots. Declaring that his intentions were indeed pure, Susanoo gives the six gods to Amaterasu's care and departs.<ref>{{cite wikisource |author-first= William George |author-last= Aston |chapter= Book I |wslink= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |plaintitle= Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 |year= 1896 |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.|wspage=48}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align: center;"
! !!   scope="col" style="width: 160px;" |''Kojiki''!! scope="col" style="width: 160px;" |''Nihon Shoki''<br />(main text) !! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" |''Nihon Shoki''<br />(variant 1) !! scope="col" style="width: 160px;" |''Nihon Shoki''<br />(variant 2)!! scope="col" style="width: 160px;" |''Nihon Shoki''<br />(variant 3)!! scope="col" style="width: 160px;" |''Nihon Shoki''<br />(variant 4)
|-
! scope="row" | Goddesses<br />(in order)
| 1. Takiribime-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(多紀理毘売命)</small><br />2. Ichikishimahime-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(市寸島比売命)</small><br />3. Tagitsuhime-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(多岐都比売命)</small> || 1. Tagorihime<br /><small>(田心姫)</small><br />2. Tagitsuhime<br /><small>(湍津姫)</small><br />3. Ichikishimahime<br /><small>(市杵嶋姫)</small> || 1. Okitsushimahime<br /><small>(瀛津島姫)</small><br />2. Tagitsuhime<br />3. Tagorihime || 1. Ichikishimahime-no-Mikoto<br />2. Tagorihime-no-Mikoto<br />3. Tagitsuhime-no-Mikoto || 1. Okitsushimahime-no-Mikoto, a.k.a. Ichikishimahime-no-Mikoto<br />2. Tagitsuhime-no-Mikoto<br />3. Tagirihime-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(田霧姫命)</small>|| -
|-
! scope="row" | Born when Amaterasu
| Broke Susanoo's ten-span sword into three and chewed them || Broke Susanoo's ten-span sword into three and chewed them || 1. Ate her ten-span sword<br />2. Ate her nine-span sword<br />3. Ate her eight-span sword || 1. Bit off the upper part of Susanoo's ''magatama'' beads<br />2. Bit off the middle part of the beads<br />3. Bit off the lower part of the beads || 1. Ate her ten-span sword<br />2. Ate her nine-span sword<br />4. Ate her eight-span sword||Ate her ten-span sword
|-
! scope="row" | Gods<br />(in order)
| 1. [[Ame-no-oshihomimi|Masakatsu-Akatsu-Kachihayahi-Ame-no-Oshihomimi-no-Mikoto]]<br /><small>(正勝吾勝勝速日天之忍穂耳命)</small><br />2. [[Ame no Hohi|Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto]]<br /><small>(天之菩卑能命)</small><br />3. [[Amatsuhikone|Amatsuhikone-no-Mikoto]]<br /><small>(天津日子根命)</small><br />4. [[Ikutsuhikone|Ikutsuhikone-no-Mikoto]]<br /><small>(活津日子根命)</small><br />5. [[Kumanokusubi|Kumano-no-Kusubi-no-Mikoto]]<br /><small>(熊野久須毘命)</small> || 1. Masaka-Akatsu-Kachihayahi-Ame-no-Oshihomimi-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(正哉吾勝勝速日天忍穂耳尊)</small><br />2. Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(天穂日命)</small><br />3. Amatsuhikone-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(天津彦根命)</small><br />4. Ikutsuhikone-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(活津彦根命)</small><br />5. Kumano-no-Kusuhi-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(熊野櫲樟日命)</small> || 1. Masaka-Akatsu-Kachihayahi-Ame-no-Oshihone-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(正哉吾勝勝速日天忍骨尊)</small><br />2. Amatsuhikone-no-Mikoto<br />3. Ikutsuhikone-no-Mikoto<br />4. Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto<br />5. Kumano-no-Oshihomi-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(熊野忍蹈命)</small> || 1. Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto<br />2. Masaka-Akatsu-Kachihayahi-Ame-no-Oshihone-no-Mikoto<br />3. Amatsuhikone-no-Mikoto<br />4. Ikutsuhikone-no-Mikoto<br />5. Kumano-no-Kusuhi-no-Mikoto || 1. Kachihayahi-Ame-no-Oshihomimi-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(勝速日天忍穂耳尊)</small><br />2. Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto<br />3. Amatsuhikone-no-Mikoto<br />4. Ikutsuhikone-no-Mikoto<br />5. Hi-no-Hayahi-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(熯之速日命)</small><br />6. Kumano-no-Oshihomi-no-Mikoto, a.k.a. Kumano-no-Oshikuma-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(熊野忍蹈命, 熊野忍隅命)</small>|| 1. Masaka-Akatsu-Kachihayahi-Ame-no-Oshihone-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(正哉吾勝勝速日天忍穂根尊)</small><br />2. Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto<br />3. Amatsuhikone-no-Mikoto<br />4. Ikumetsuhikone-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(活目津彥根命)</small><br />5. Hihayahi-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(熯速日命)</small><br />6. Kumano-no-Ōsumi-no-Mikoto<br /><small>(熊野大角命)</small>
|-
! scope="row" | Born when Susanoo
| 1. Chewed the strings of ''magatama'' beads entwined in Amaterasu's left hair bunch<br />2. Chewed the beads entwined in Amaterasu's right hair bunch<br />3. Chewed the beads on the vine securing her hair<br />4. Chewed the beads wrapped around Amaterasu's left wrist<br />5. Chewed the beads wrapped around Amaterasu's right wrist || Chewed the strings of ''magatama'' beads entwined in Amaterasu's hair and wrists||  Chewed his necklace of ''magatama'' beads || Bit off the end of Amaterasu's sword || 1. Chewed the ''magatama'' beads entwined in his left hair bunch and spat them on the palm of his left hand<br />2. Chewed the beads entwined in his right hair bunch and spat them on the palm of his right hand<br />3. Chewed the beads of his necklace and laid them on his left forearm<br />4. Laid the beads on his right forearm<br />5. Laid the beads on his left foot<br />6. Laid the beads on his right foot||1. Chewed the ''magatama'' beads entwined in his right hair bunch and laid them on the palm of his left hand<br />2. Chewed the beads entwined in his right hair bunch and laid them on the palm of his right hand
|}