Editing Surface science (section)

===Electrochemistry===
Electrochemistry is the study of processes driven through an applied potential at a solid–liquid or liquid–liquid interface. The behavior of an electrode–electrolyte interface is affected by the distribution of ions in the liquid phase next to the interface forming the [[electrical double layer]]. Adsorption and desorption events can be studied at atomically flat single-crystal surfaces as a function of applied potential, time and solution conditions using [[scanning probe microscopy|spectroscopy, scanning probe microscopy]]<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1021/cr960067y|pmid = 11851445|title = Electrochemical Applications ofin Situ ''Scanning'' Probe Microscopy|year = 1997|last1 = Gewirth|first1 = Andrew A.|last2 = Niece|first2 = Brian K.|journal = Chemical Reviews|volume = 97|issue = 4|pages = 1129–1162}}</ref> and [[X-ray crystal truncation rod|surface X-ray scattering]].<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1016/S0013-4686(02)00223-2| title=Applications of surface X-ray scattering to electrochemistry problems| year=2002| last1=Nagy| first1=Zoltán| last2=You| first2=Hoydoo| journal=Electrochimica Acta| volume=47| issue=19| pages=3037–3055| url=https://zenodo.org/record/1259573}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2016-11-01|title=Surface X-ray diffraction studies of single crystal electrocatalysts|journal=Nano Energy|language=en|volume=29|pages=378–393|doi=10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.05.043|issn=2211-2855|last1=Gründer|first1=Yvonne|last2=Lucas|first2=Christopher A.|doi-access=free}}</ref> These studies link traditional electrochemical techniques such as [[cyclic voltammetry]] to direct observations of interfacial processes.