Editing Surface-to-air missile (section)

====Allied efforts====
[[File:Fairey Stooge.png|thumb|right|Typical of the "boost-glide" type weapons, the Fairey Stooge was an armed drone aircraft flown to a collision with the target. ''Enzian'' and ''Schmetterling'' were similar in concept, design and performance.]]

The British developed unguided antiaircraft rockets (operated under the name [[Z Battery]]) close to the start of [[World War II]], but the [[air superiority]] usually held by the Allies meant that the demand for similar weapons was not as acute.

When several Allied ships were sunk in 1943 by [[Henschel Hs 293]] and [[Fritz X]] [[glide bomb]]s, Allied interest changed. These weapons were released from stand-off distances, with the bomber remaining outside the range of the ship's [[antiaircraft gun]]s, and the missiles themselves were too small and fast to be attacked effectively.<ref name="nmsu"/>

To combat this threat, the [[U.S. Navy]] launched [[Operation Bumblebee]] to develop a ramjet-powered missile to destroy the launching aircraft at long range.<ref name="nmsu">{{cite web|url=http://nmsua.edu/tiopete/files/2008/12/wspgcoldbook.pdf|title=A Brief History of White Sands Proving Ground 1941–1965|publisher=New Mexico State University|access-date=2010-08-19|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028154222/http://nmsua.edu/tiopete/files/2008/12/wspgcoldbook.pdf|archive-date=2014-10-28}}</ref> The initial performance goal was to target an intercept at a horizontal range of {{convert|10|miles}} and {{convert|30,000|ft}} altitude, with a {{convert|300|to|600|lb|kg}} warhead for a 30 to 60 percent kill probability.<ref name="hays">{{cite web|url=http://www.okieboat.com/Talos%20history.html|title=Talos Missile History|publisher=Hays, Philip R.|access-date=2010-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622194123/http://www.okieboat.com/Talos%20history.html|archive-date=2013-06-22|url-status=live}}</ref> This weapon did not emerge for 16 years, when it entered operation as the [[RIM-8 Talos]].<ref>Phillip Hays, [http://www.okieboat.com/Talos%20history.html "History of the Talos Missile"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622194123/http://www.okieboat.com/Talos%20history.html |date=2013-06-22 }}</ref>

Heavy shipping losses to ''[[kamikaze]]'' attacks during the [[Philippines Campaign (1944-45)|Liberation of the Philippines]] and the [[Battle of Okinawa]] provided additional incentive for guided missile development.<ref name="nmsu"/><ref name="Taylor45"/> This led to the British ''[[Fairey Stooge]]'' and ''[[Brakemine]]'' efforts,<ref>''Flight'' 1947, p.345</ref> and the [[U.S. Navy]]'s [[SAM-N-2 Lark]].<ref name="PLark">Parsch 2003</ref> The ''Lark'' ran into considerable difficulty and it never entered operational use. The end of the war led to the British efforts being used strictly for research and development throughout their lifetime.<ref name="Taylor45">Taylor 1975, p.45</ref>