Editing Sukhothai Kingdom (section)

===Formation===
[[Mueang Chaliang|Chaliang]], who established [[royal intermarriage]] with [[Tai people|Tai]]'s [[Chiang Saen]] in the 900s,<ref name=rp60>[[wikisource:th:พงศาวดารเหนือ (2474)/พงศาวดาร|Northern Chronicle]]</ref>{{rp|18}} led by {{ill|Srinaonamthum|th|พ่อขุนศรีนาวนำถุม}}<ref name=boran>{{cite web|url=https://archive.today/20241214141610/https://www.muangboranjournal.com/post/Srisakara-leading-article-45-1|title=กำเนิดสุโขทัย รัฐแรกเริ่มของชนชาติไทยในสยามประเทศ|trans-title=The origin of Sukhothai, the first state of the Thai people in Siam Pradesh|language=th|date=19 July 2021|access-date=14 December 2024|website=muangboranjournal.com|author=Srisak Vallipodom}}</ref> expanded political influence to Sukhothai of [[Lavo Kingdom|Lavo]]<ref name=chusak>{{cite web|url=http://www.thapra.lib.su.ac.th/objects/thesis/fulltext/snamcn/Chusak_Satienpattanodom/Chusak_Satienpattanodom_fulltext.pdf|title=พัฒนาการของเมืองศรีสัชนาลัยตั้งแต่กลางพุทธศตวรรษที่ 17 ถึงกลางพุทธศตวรรษที่ 22|trans-title=The rise and decline of Si Satchanalai from the twelfth to sixteenth centuries|date=2000|language=th|author=Chusak Satienpattanodom|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227173416/http://www.thapra.lib.su.ac.th/objects/thesis/fulltext/snamcn/Chusak_Satienpattanodom/Chusak_Satienpattanodom_fulltext.pdf |accessdate=1 January 2025|archive-date=27 December 2024 }}</ref>{{rp|4}} in 1175.<ref name=boran/> However, nobles of the Lavo faction revolted and recaptured Sukhothai in 1181,<ref name=fine>{{cite web|url=https://archive.today/20241217230016/https://www.finearts.go.th/fad6/view/7355-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2--%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87-%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2|title=การศึกษาพัฒนาการทางสังคมก่อนสมัยสุโขทัยในจังหวัดสุโขทัย: กรณีศึกษาพื้นที่เมืองเชลียง-ศรีสัชนาลัย|trans-title=A study of pre-Sukhothai social development in Sukhothai Province: A case study of Mueang Cheliang-Sri Satchanalai area|work=Fine Arts Department|accessdate=18 December 2024|date=2023}}</ref> which caused a group of [[Thai people|Central Thai peoples]] led by a local [[mueang]] chief, Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao, to took Sukhothai back and established it as an independent Thai state in 1238. Bang Klang Hao was assisted by a local ally, [[Pha Mueang|Pho Khun Pha Mueang]].<ref name="Coedes">{{cite book|last=Coedès|first=George|title=The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=1968|isbn=978-0-8248-0368-1|editor=Walter F. Vella|translator-last=Cowing|translator-first=Susan Brown|author-link=George Coedès}}</ref>{{rp|195–196}} This event was a turning point in the history of the Tai peoples, as Sukhothai would remain the center of Tai power until the end of the 14th century.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Swearer|first=Donald K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFBR2cMDD8sC&q=Sukhodaya+Khmer+outpost&pg=PA86|title=The Buddhist World of Southeast Asia|date=1995-01-01|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-2459-9|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Wicks|first=Robert S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFpdDwAAQBAJ&q=Sukhodaya+Khmer+outpost&pg=PA170|title=Money, Markets, and Trade in Early Southeast Asia: The Development of Indigenous Monetary Systems to AD 1400|date=2018-05-31|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-5017-1947-9|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Coedes" />

The year when the [[Lavo Kingdom|Lavo]] nobility revolted and recaptured Sukhothai overlapped with the period when [[Angkor]] regained Lavo's [[Lopburi|Lavapura]]<ref name=indra>{{cite web|url=https://www.matichonacademy.com/tour-story/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81-%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0-%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82|title=จาก 'ลวะปุระ' สู่ 'เมืองละโว้' ลูกหลวงแห่งเมืองพระนคร|trans-title=From 'Lavapura' to 'Lavo City', the frontier city of the capital of Phra Nakhon|author=ศานติ ภักดีคำ|language=th|access-date=6 November 2023}}</ref> from the [[Mon people|Mon]]-[[Tai people|Tai]] monarch of [[Mueang Chaliang|Chaliang]], who had ruled [[Lopburi|Lavapura]] since 1106 after the throne was vacated by [[Lavo Kingdom|Lavo]]'s relocation of the capital to [[Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city)|Ayodhya]] in the 1080s.

Bang Klang Hao ruled Sukhothai under the regnal name [[Sri Indraditya|Si Inthrathit]] and established the [[List of monarchs of Thailand#Phra Ruang dynasty (1238–1438)|Phra Ruang dynasty]]. Under the rule of Si Inthrathit, the primordial kingdom expanded its influence to the bordering cities surrounding the capital. By the end of his reign in 1270, Sukhothai covered the entire upper valley of the [[Chao Phraya River]], then known simply as Mae Nam ({{langx|th|แม่น้ำ}}, 'mother of waters'), the generic Thai name for all rivers. In the first era, Sukhothai strongly shared a connection with western [[Mon people|Mon]] neighbor, [[Hanthawaddy Kingdom]], in present-day lower [[Myanmar]].<ref name=xian>{{cite journal|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715205744/https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2004/03/JSS_092_0d_Ishii_ExploringNewApproachToEarlyThaiHistory.pdf|title=Exploring a New Approach to Early Thai History|date=2004|volume=92|journal=Journal of the Siam Society|author=Yoneo Ishii|page=37–42}}</ref>{{rp|42}}

From the 13th to 14th centuries, Sukhothai was strongly influenced by the Khmer culture as [[Lavo Kingdom|Lavo]] the regional center.<ref name=thanit/>{{rp|3}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Baker |first1=Chris |last2=Phongpaichit |first2=Pasuk |title=A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World |date=11 May 2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-12143-9 |page=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n8wnDwAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref> About some fifty kilometers north of Sukhodaya stood another sister town, [[Si Satchanalai Historical Park|Sri Sajanalaya]], that would later become [[Mueang Chaliang|Si Satchanalai]], an important center of Sukhothai politics alongside the capital.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Si Satchanalai - Jim Wageman|url=https://www.jimwagemanphoto.com/Glimpses-of-Thailand/Sacred-Sites/Si-Satchanalai/i-XFrL32F/|access-date=2020-04-20|website=www.jimwagemanphoto.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chaliang Zone of the Si Satchanalai Historical Park|url=https://www.renown-travel.com/historicalsites/sisatchanalai/chaliang.html|access-date=2020-04-20|website=www.renown-travel.com}}</ref> Under Lavo control, various monuments was built in the city, several of which still stand in the [[Sukhothai Historical Park]]. They include the Ta Pha Daeng Shrine, Wat Phra Phai Luang, and Wat Si Sawai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orientalarchitecture.com/sid/1064/thailand/sukhothai/ta-pha-daeng-shrine|title=Ta Pha Daeng Shrine, Sukhothai, Thailand|last=orientalarchitecture.com|website=Asian Architecture|language=EN|access-date=2020-04-20}}</ref> It was then shifted to [[Tai Yuan]]'s [[Lan Na]] style in the early 14th century and steadily influenced by [[Mon kingdoms|Mon]] and [[Sri Lanka]] through [[Theravada]] [[Buddhism]] since the reign of [[Ram Khamhaeng]].<ref name=thanit/>{{rp|3}}