Editing Sudanese Armed Forces (section)

=== Joint Integrated Units (2005–2011) ===
The 2005 [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement]] which ended the second civil war, stated that "...{{nbsp}}there shall be formed Joint/Integrated Units during the Pre-Interim and Interim Period from the SAF and the [[Sudan People's Liberation Army]] (SPLA).{{nbsp}}... These shall form the nucleus of the future Sudanese National Armed Forces, should the result of the referendum{{nbsp}}... confirm unity of the country, [otherwise] the JIUs shall dissolve with each component reverting to its mother Armed Forces."<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter VI, Security Arrangements, paragraphs 20.1 and 20.2|url=https://unmis.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/old_dnn/cpa-en.pdf|page=111 (129 of 260)}}</ref>

The JIUs were to consist of: (Chapter VI, Security Arrangements, Paragraphs 20.13.2.1 and 20.13.2.2)
*1st Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 9000 officers, NCOs, and men and shall be deployed in Equatoria area
*2nd Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 8000 officers, NCOs, and men and shall be deployed in Upper Nile area
*3rd Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 7000 officers, NCOs, and men and shall be deployed in Bahr El Ghazal area
*4th Infantry Division (unlike the other divisions, both 4th and 5th Divisions are under-strength divisions) which shall have a total strength of 6000 officers, NCOs, and men and shall be deployed in southern [[Blue Nile]] area
*5th Infantry Division which shall have a total strength of 6000 officers, NCOs, and men and shall be deployed in Southern Kordofan/Nuba Mountains
*Independent Brigade which shall be deployed in Khartoum with the total strength of 3000 officers, NCOs, and men
*There shall be formed a JIU Infantry Battalion for Abyei Area

According to the Catholic "Voice of Hope" radio station in Wau, the Salam Forces military of Major-General [[Eltom Elnur Daldoum]], who has a [[Messiria tribe|Misseriya]] background{{sfn|Young|2006|page=35}} and operated in the [[Deim Zubeir]] area,<ref name=":22">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/137173/MilitiasRebelsIslamistMilitants%20(Nov2010).pdf|title=Militias, Rebels and Islamist Militants – Human Insecurity and State Crises in Africa|last=Wassara|first=Samson|publisher=ISS|year=2010|editor-last=Okumu|editor-first=Wafula|location=Tshwane|page=277|chapter=Rebels, militias and governance in Sudan}}</ref> joined the Sudan Armed Forces and became part of the Joint Integrated Units in Wau during the interim period.<ref name=":21">{{Cite news|url=http://catholicradionetwork.org/?q=node/7853|title=SALAM MILITIA FORCES JOIN SPLA IN WAU|date=13 September 2012|work=Catholic Radio Network|access-date=12 January 2018}}</ref> The number of his fighters was estimated at 400.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=May 2008|title=Allies and defectors – An update on armed group integration and proxy force activity|url=http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/issue-briefs/HSBA-IB-11-allies-defectors.pdf|journal=Sudan Issue Brief|volume=11|access-date=3 May 2019|archive-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324152741/http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/issue-briefs/HSBA-IB-11-allies-defectors.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

After its formation, the Joint Defence Board (JDB) met for the first time in January 2006. The Board was jointly chaired by SAF and SPLA lieutenant generals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peaceaccords.nd.edu/accord/sudan-comprehensive-peace-agreement|title=Sudan Comprehensive Peace Agreement – Peace Accords Matrix|website=peaceaccords.nd.edu}}</ref> The National Assembly passed the Joint Integrated Units Act on 17 January 2006. The JIUs were commanded by SPLA Major General [[Thomas Cirillo Swaka]]. But in the face of high hopes, the three most serious breaches of the CPA's permanent ceasefire resulted directly from the actions of JIU battalions and brigades.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cigionline.org/sites/default/files/ssr_issue_no2_0.pdf|title=Sudan's Aspirational Army: A History of the Joint Integrated Units|first=Aly|last=Verjee|page=4}}</ref> North/South distrust resulted in the JDB struggling to providing oversight and management of the JIUs.

With the dissolution of the JIUs following the [[Southern Sudanese independence referendum, 2011]], the SPLA components were either integrated back into the SPLA or demobilised. The SPLA components however were seen as less of a concern than the SAF components. Many of the SAF JIU personnel were former militia ('Other Armed Groups' or OAGs) who were 'aligned' rather than being formally 'incorporated' within the Sudanese Army.{{sfn|Rands|2010|p=23}} 'Aside from regular SAF units in locations such as [[Malakal]] and [[Bor, South Sudan|Bor]], many of the SAF elements of the JIUs hail from the areas where they are serving and have strong family ties in these locations. As with the SPLA components, integration into the SPLA or increased incentives to demobilize are the only options the SAF components are likely to consider—movement north being out of the question.'