Editing Streptococcus pyogenes (section)

=== Lysogeny ===

All strains of ''S. pyogenes'' are polylysogenized, in that they carry one or more [[bacteriophage]] in their genomes.<ref name="Ferretti_2001">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ferretti JJ, McShan WM, Ajdic D, Savic DJ, Savic G, Lyon K, Primeaux C, Sezate S, Suvorov AN, Kenton S, Lai HS, Lin SP, Qian Y, Jia HG, Najar FZ, Ren Q, Zhu H, Song L, White J, Yuan X, Clifton SW, Roe BA, McLaughlin R | display-authors = 6 | title = Complete genome sequence of an M1 strain of Streptococcus pyogenes | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 98 | issue = 8 | pages = 4658–4663 | date = April 2001 | pmid = 11296296 | pmc = 31890 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.071559398 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2001PNAS...98.4658F }}</ref> Some of the phages may be defective, but in some cases active phage may compensate for defects in others.<ref name="Canchaya_2002">{{cite journal | vauthors = Canchaya C, Desiere F, McShan WM, Ferretti JJ, Parkhill J, Brüssow H | title = Genome analysis of an inducible prophage and prophage remnants integrated in the Streptococcus pyogenes strain SF370 | journal = Virology | volume = 302 | issue = 2 | pages = 245–258 | date = October 2002 | pmid = 12441069 | doi = 10.1006/viro.2002.1570 | doi-access = free }}</ref> In general, the genome of ''S. pyogenes'' strains isolated during disease are >90% identical, they differ by the phage they carry.<ref name="Banks_2003">{{cite journal | vauthors = Banks DJ, Porcella SF, Barbian KD, Martin JM, Musser JM | title = Structure and distribution of an unusual chimeric genetic element encoding macrolide resistance in phylogenetically diverse clones of group A Streptococcus | journal = The Journal of Infectious Diseases | volume = 188 | issue = 12 | pages = 1898–1908 | date = December 2003 | pmid = 14673771 | doi = 10.1086/379897 | doi-access = free }}</ref>