Editing Steve Wozniak (section)

===Apple formation and success===
{{blockquote | Wozniak designed Apple's first products, the Apple I and II computers and he helped design the Macintosh — because he wanted to use them and they didn't exist.|source= CNBC retrospective<ref name="2 counterintuitive"/>}}
{{blockquote | Between Woz and Jobs, Woz was the innovator, the inventor. Steve Jobs was the marketing person.|source= Apple employee #12 [[Daniel Kottke]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://boingboing.net/2012/08/09/kottke.html |title=Searching for Magic in India and Silicon Valley: An Interview with Daniel Kottke, Apple Employee #12 |date=August 9, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111073600/http://boingboing.net/2012/08/09/kottke.html |archive-date=January 11, 2014 |access-date=November 16, 2019}}</ref>}}
{{blockquote | Everything I did at Apple that was an A+ job and that took us places, I had two things in my favor&nbsp;... I had no money [and] I had had no training.|source= Steve Wozniak in 2010<ref name="2 counterintuitive">{{cite web | title=Steve Wozniak: 2 counterintuitive reasons I was able to build 'A+' products when Apple first started | date=May 14, 2019 | first=Catherine | last=Clifford | work=CNBC | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/14/steve-wozniak-why-i-was-able-to-build-a-apple-products.html | access-date=July 18, 2019 | archive-date=June 3, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603025120/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/14/steve-wozniak-why-i-was-able-to-build-a-apple-products.html | url-status=live }}</ref>}}
[[File:Original 1976 Apple 1 Computer In A Briefcase.JPG|thumb|An original 1976 [[Apple I]] computer in a briefcase, from the [[Sydney Powerhouse Museum]] collection]]
By March 1, 1976, Wozniak completed the basic design of the Apple I computer.<ref name="Apple Confidential"/>{{rp|pages=5–6}} He alone designed the hardware, circuit board designs, and operating system for the computer.<ref name="FireValley">{{cite book |title=Fire in the Valley |first1=Paul |last1=Freiberger |author-link1=Paul Freiberger |last2=Swaine |first2=Michael |author-link2=Michael Swaine (technical author) |year=2000 |publisher=[[McGraw-Hill]] |isbn=0-07-135892-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/fireinvalleymaki00frei_0 }}</ref> Wozniak originally offered the design to [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]] while working there, but was denied by the company on five occasions.<ref name="AI">{{cite web |url=https://appleinsider.com/articles/10/12/06/apple_co_founder_offered_first_computer_design_to_hp_5_times |title=Apple co-founder offered first computer design to HP 5 times |date=December 7, 2010 |publisher=[[AppleInsider]] |access-date=April 17, 2020 |archive-date=August 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803155301/https://appleinsider.com/articles/10/12/06/apple_co_founder_offered_first_computer_design_to_hp_5_times |url-status=live }}</ref> Jobs then advised Wozniak to start a business of their own to build and sell bare [[printed circuit board]]s of the Apple I.<ref name="Apple Confidential"/>{{rp|pages=4–6}}<ref name="becomingsj">{{cite book |title=Becoming Steve Jobs: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader|first1=Brent |last1=Schlender |first2=Rick |last2=Tetzeli|date=2016 |publisher=Crown Business; Reprint edition|isbn=9780385347426}}</ref>{{rp|pages=35–38}} Wozniak, at first skeptical, was later convinced by Jobs that even if they were not successful they could at least say to their grandchildren that they had had their own company. To raise the money they needed to build the first batch of the circuit boards, Wozniak sold his [[HP-65|HP scientific calculator]] while Jobs sold his [[Volkswagen Type 2|Volkswagen van]].<ref name="Apple Confidential"/>{{rp|pages=4–6}}<ref name="becomingsj"/>{{rp|pages=35–38}}

On April 1, 1976, Jobs and Wozniak formed the Apple Computer Company (now called [[Apple Inc.]]) along with administrative supervisor [[Ronald Wayne]], whose participation in the new venture was short-lived. The two decided on the name "Apple" shortly after Jobs returned from Oregon and told Wozniak about his time spent on an [[apple orchard]] there.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.brandingstrategyinsider.com/2011/11/how-did-apple-computer-get-its-brand-name.html#.WgCTJhNSyt8 |title=How Did Apple Computer Get Its Brand Name? |work=Branding Strategy Insider |date=November 17, 2011 |access-date=December 25, 2017 |archive-date=July 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704125732/https://www.brandingstrategyinsider.com/2011/11/how-did-apple-computer-get-its-brand-name.html#.WgCTJhNSyt8 |url-status=live }}</ref>

After the company was formed, Jobs and Wozniak made one last trip to the Homebrew Computer Club to give a presentation of the fully assembled version of the Apple I.<ref name="becomingsj"/>{{rp|pages=39–40}} [[Paul Terrell]], who was starting a new computer shop in [[Mountain View, California]], called the [[Byte Shop]],<ref name="iWoz">{{cite book |last1=Wozniak |first1=Steve |title=iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It |title-link=iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It |last2=Smith |first2=Gina |author2-link=Gina Smith (author) |publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]] |year=2006 |isbn=0-393-06143-4 |oclc=502898652}}</ref> saw the presentation and was impressed by the machine.<ref name=Isaacson />{{rp|pages=66–67}} Terrell told Jobs that he would order 50 units of the Apple I and pay $500 ({{Inflation|US|500|1976|fmt=eq|r=-1}}) each on delivery, but only if they came fully assembled, as he was not interested in buying bare printed circuit boards.<ref name="Apple Confidential"/>{{rp|page=7}}<ref name=Isaacson />{{rp|pages=66–67}}

Together the duo assembled the first boards in Jobs's parents' [[Los Altos, California|Los Altos]] home; initially in his bedroom and later (when there was no space left) in the garage. Wozniak's apartment in San Jose was filled with monitors, electronic devices, and computer games that he had developed. The Apple I sold for $666.66. Wozniak later said he had no idea about the relation between the number and the [[Number of the beast|mark of the beast]], and that he came up with the price because he liked "repeating digits".<ref name=VintageNews>{{cite news |first=Goran |last=Blazeski |title=Apple-1, Steve Wozniak's hand-built creation, was Apple's first official product, priced at $666.66 |url=https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/11/25/apples-first-official-product-was-priced-at-666-66/ |website=The Vintage News |date=November 25, 2017 |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-date=July 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726090158/https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/11/25/apples-first-official-product-was-priced-at-666-66/ |url-status=live }}</ref> They sold their first 50 system boards to Terrell later that year.{{clarify|date=November 2019}}

{{External media
| width = 210px
|image1 = [https://img.gazeta.ru/files3/725/13190725/upload-upload-04-pic4_zoom-1000x1000-18187-pic4_zoom-1500x1500-65192.jpg Wozniak and Steve Jobs with an Apple I circuit board, c. 1976.]
}}
In November 1976, Jobs and Wozniak received substantial funding from a then-semi-retired [[Intel]] product marketing manager and engineer named [[Mike Markkula]].<ref name="Markkula1997">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/01/business/an-unknown-co-founder-leaves-after-20-years-of-glory-and-turmoil.html |title=An 'Unknown' Co-Founder Leaves After 20 Years of Glory and Turmoil |last=Markoff |first=John |date=September 1, 1997 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 7, 2019 |archive-date=January 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102015839/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/01/business/an-unknown-co-founder-leaves-after-20-years-of-glory-and-turmoil.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Apple Confidential"/>{{rp|page=10}} At the request of Markkula, Wozniak resigned from his job at HP and became the vice president in charge of research and development at Apple. Wozniak's Apple I was similar to the [[Altair 8800]], the first commercially available microcomputer, except the Apple I had no provision for internal expansion cards. With expansion cards, the Altair could attach to a computer terminal and be programmed in [[BASIC]]. In contrast, the Apple I was a hobbyist machine. Wozniak's design included a $25 [[CPU]] ([[MOS Technology 6502|MOS 6502]]) on a single circuit board with 256 [[byte]]s of [[Read-only memory|ROM]], 4K or 8K bytes of [[Random-access memory|RAM]], and a 40-character by 24-row display controller. Apple's first computer lacked a case, power supply, keyboard, and display{{emdash}}all components that had to be provided by the user. Eventually about 200 Apple I computers were produced in total.<ref name="wozniak198412">{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1984-12/1984_12_BYTE_09-13_Communications#page/n461/mode/2up | title=The Apple Story / Part 1: Early History | work=[[Byte (magazine)|Byte]] | date=December 1984 | access-date=November 16, 2019 |author1=Williams, Gregg |author2=Moore, Rob | pages=A67 | type=interview}}</ref>

[[File:Micromodem II in Apple II.jpg|thumb|An [[Apple II]] computer with an external [[modem]]]]
After the success of the Apple I, Wozniak designed the Apple II, the first personal computer with the ability to display color graphics, and BASIC programming language built in.<ref name="iWoz" /> Inspired by "the technique [[Atari]] used to simulate colors on its first [[arcade game]]s", Wozniak found a way of putting colors into the [[NTSC]] system by using a {{US$|1}} chip,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macstories.net/news/woz-putting-color-in-the-computer-was-one-of-the-biggest-things-apple-ever-did/|title=Woz: Putting Color In The Computer Was One Of The Biggest Things Apple Ever Did|work=macstories.net|date=February 9, 2011 |access-date=September 27, 2014|archive-date=April 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408220809/http://www.macstories.net/news/woz-putting-color-in-the-computer-was-one-of-the-biggest-things-apple-ever-did/|url-status=live}}</ref> while colors in the [[PAL]] system are achieved by "accident" when a dot occurs on a line, and he says that to this day he has no idea how it works.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/danschawbel/2012/11/26/steve-wozniak-his-career-challenges-steve-jobs-tech-trends-and-advice/ |title= Steve Wozniak: His Career Challenges, Steve Jobs, Tech Trends and Advice |first= Dan |last= Schawbel |work= [[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]] |access-date= September 15, 2017 |archive-date= August 4, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170804120249/https://www.forbes.com/sites/danschawbel/2012/11/26/steve-wozniak-his-career-challenges-steve-jobs-tech-trends-and-advice/ |url-status= live }}</ref> During the design stage, Jobs argued that the Apple II should have two [[expansion slot]]s, while Wozniak wanted eight.<ref name="iWoz" /> After a heated argument, during which Wozniak threatened that Jobs should "go get himself another computer", they decided to go with eight slots. Jobs and Wozniak introduced the Apple II at the April 1977 [[West Coast Computer Faire]]. Wozniak's first article about the Apple II was in ''[[Byte (magazine)|Byte]]'' magazine in May 1977.<ref name="The Apple-II by Woz">{{cite magazine | magazine=Byte | title=The Apple-II | first=Stephen | last=Wozniak | date=May 1977 | volume=2 | issue=5 | page=36 | url=https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1977-05/page/n35 | access-date=July 18, 2019}}</ref> It became one of the first highly successful mass-produced personal computers in the world. Wozniak also designed the [[Disk II]] [[floppy disk drive]], released in 1978 specifically for use with the [[Apple II]] to replace the slower [[Cassette tape#Data recording|cassette tape]] storage.

In 1980, Apple went public to instant and significant financial profitability, making Jobs and Wozniak both millionaires. The Apple II's intended successor, the [[Apple III]], released the same year, was a commercial failure and was discontinued in 1984. According to Wozniak, the Apple III "had 100 percent hardware failures", and that the primary reason for these failures was that the system was designed by Apple's marketing department, unlike Apple's previous engineering-driven projects.<ref name="byte198501"/>

[[File:Computer macintosh 128k, 1984 (all about Apple onlus).jpg|thumb|An original [[Macintosh]] with hardware]]
During the early design and development phase of the [[Macintosh 128K|original Macintosh]], Wozniak had a heavy influence over the project along with [[Jef Raskin]], who conceived the computer. Later named the "Macintosh 128k", it would become the first mass-market personal computer featuring an integral [[graphical user interface]] and [[Computer mouse|mouse]]. The Macintosh would also go on to introduce the [[desktop publishing]] industry with the addition of the Apple [[LaserWriter]], the first [[laser printer]] to feature [[vector graphics]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/applehis/appl1984.htm |title=Chronology of Apple Computer Personal Computers |last=Polsson |first=Ken |date=July 29, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821105822/http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/applehis/appl1984.htm |archive-date=August 21, 2009 |access-date=October 29, 2019}} See May 3, 1984.</ref> In a 2013 interview, Wozniak said that in 1981, "Steve [Jobs] really took over the project when I had a plane crash and wasn't there."<ref name=wozorg/><ref name=TheVerge/>