Editing Stefan Banach (section)

===Interbellum===
[[File:Lwow - Kawiarnia Szkocka.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Scottish Café]], meeting place of many famous Lwów mathematicians]]
Steinhaus introduced Banach to academic circles and substantially accelerated his career. After [[Second Polish Republic|Poland regained independence]] in 1918, Banach was given an assistantship at the Lwów Polytechnic. Steinhaus' backing also allowed him to receive a [[doctorate]] without actually graduating from a university. The doctoral thesis, accepted by [[Lviv University|King John II Casimir University of Lwów]] in 1920<ref name="Jahnke"/> and published in 1922,<ref name="Fundamenta"/> included the basic ideas of functional analysis, which was soon to become an entirely new branch of mathematics. In his dissertation, written in 1920, he axiomatically defined what is today called a Banach space.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://krakow1.one/uk/eternal/matematychnyj-mist-mizh-krakovom-i-lvovom-yak-stefan-banah-stav-odnym-iz-najvelychnishyh-matematykiv-stolittya-2181 | title=Математичний міст між Краковом і Львовом: як Стефан Банах став одним із найвеличніших математиків століття - krakow1.one | date=16 November 2022 }}</ref> The thesis was widely discussed in academic circles and allowed him in 1922 to become a professor at the Lwów Polytechnic. Initially an assistant to Professor [[Antoni Łomnicki]], in 1927, Banach received his own chair. In 1924 he was accepted as a member of the [[Polish Academy of Learning]]. At the same time, from 1922, Banach also headed the second Chair of Mathematics at [[Lviv University|University of Lwów]].

Young and talented, Banach gathered around him a large group of mathematicians. The group, meeting in the [[Scottish Café]], soon gave birth to the "Lwów School of Mathematics". In 1929 the group began publishing its own journal, ''[[Studia Mathematica]]'', devoted primarily to Banach's field of study—functional analysis. Around that time, Banach also began working on his best-known work, the first monograph on the general theory of [[linear space|linear]]-[[metric space]]. First published in Polish in 1931,<ref name="Teoria"/> the next year it was also translated into French and gained wider recognition in European academic circles.<ref name="Theorie"/> The book was also the first in a long series of mathematics monographs edited by Banach and his circle. On 17 June 1924, Banach became a [[Corresponding member|correspondence member]] of the [[Polish Academy of Learning|Polish Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts]] in Kraków.