Editing Standardization (section)

===National standard===
Maudslay's work, as well as the contributions of other engineers, accomplished a modest amount of industry standardization; some companies' in-house standards spread a bit within their industries.

[[File:JFIScrewThread300.png|thumb|left|Graphic representation of formulae for the pitches of threads of screw bolts]]
[[Joseph Whitworth]]'s screw thread measurements were adopted as the first (unofficial) national standard by companies around the country in 1841. It came to be known as the [[British Standard Whitworth]], and was widely adopted in other countries.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gilbert|first1=K. R.|last2=Galloway|first2=D. F.|year=1978|chapter=Machine Tools|editor-first1=C.|editor-last1=Singer|title=A history of technology|place=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon Press|display-editors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Lee|editor-first=Sidney|year=1900|title=Dictionary of National Biography|volume=LXI|publisher=Smith Elder|place=London|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=tzsJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA166}}</ref>

This new standard specified a 55° thread angle and a thread depth of 0.640327''p'' and a radius of 0.137329''p'', where ''p'' is the pitch. The thread pitch increased with diameter in steps specified on a chart. An example of the use of the Whitworth thread is the [[Royal Navy]]'s [[Crimean War]] gunboats. These were the first instance of "mass-production"  techniques being applied to marine engineering.<ref name="Ping" />

With the adoption of BSW by British [[railway]] lines, many of which had previously used their own standard both for threads and for bolt head and nut profiles, and improving manufacturing techniques, it came to dominate British manufacturing.

[[Unified Thread Standard|American Unified Coarse]] was originally based on almost the same imperial fractions. The Unified thread angle is 60° and has flattened crests (Whitworth crests are rounded). Thread pitch is the same in both systems except that the thread pitch for the {{frac|1|2}}&nbsp;in. (inch) bolt is 12 threads per inch (tpi) in BSW versus 13 tpi in the UNC.