Editing Squatting (section)

=== Middle East ===
[[Israeli settlements]] are communities of [[Israeli citizens]] living in the [[Palestinian territories]]. The [[international community]] considers the settlements in [[Israeli-occupied territories|occupied territory]] to be illegal,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967|last=Roberts|first=Adam|s2cid=145514740|author-link=Adam Roberts (scholar)|journal=The American Journal of International Law|volume=84|issue=1|publisher=American Society of International Law|pages=85–86|quote=The international community has taken a critical view of both deportations and settlements as being contrary to international law.|doi=10.2307/2203016|jstor=2203016|year=1990}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Italian Yearbook of International Law|volume=14|year=2005|editor1-last=Conforti|editor1-first=Benedetto|editor2-last=Bravo|editor2-first=Luigi|first=Marco|last=Pertile|chapter='Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory': A Missed Opportunity for International Humanitarian Law?|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|isbn=978-90-04-15027-0|page=141|quote=the establishment of the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory has been considered illegal by the international community and by the majority of legal scholars.}}</ref>
In March 2018, Israeli settlers were evicted from a house they had illegally occupied in [[Hebron]], a Palestinian city in the [[West Bank]]. The fifteen families had argued that they had bought the house, but the [[Supreme Court of Israel|High Court of Justice]] ruled that they had to leave. The [[Israel Defense Forces]] declared the building a closed military zone and it was unclear if the Palestinian owners could regain possession. The settlers had already occupied the house and been evicted in 2012.<ref name="Magid">{{cite news |last1=Magid |first1=Jacob |title=Settlers evacuate disputed Hebron building after squatting for 8 months |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/settlers-evacuate-disputed-hebron-building-after-squatting-for-8-months/ |access-date=13 May 2019 |work=Times of Israel |date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526070328/https://www.timesofisrael.com/settlers-evacuate-disputed-hebron-building-after-squatting-for-8-months/ |archive-date=26 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2018, [[Fatou Bensouda]], the Chief Prosecutor of the [[International Criminal Court]] stated that Israel's planned demolition of Bedouin village [[Khan al-Ahmar (village)|Khan al-Ahmar]] could constitute a [[war crime]].<ref name="Bedouin">{{cite news |last1=TOI Staff |title=Hague prosecutor issues war crime warning on Bedouin village demolition |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/hague-prosecutor-issues-war-crime-warning-on-bedouin-village-demolition/ |access-date=13 May 2019 |work=Times of Israel |date=17 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525230226/https://www.timesofisrael.com/hague-prosecutor-issues-war-crime-warning-on-bedouin-village-demolition/ |archive-date=25 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Gecekondu]] is a Turkish word meaning a house put up quickly without proper permissions, a squatter's house, and by extension, a shanty or shack. From the 1960s onwards, these settlements have provided a means of housing for poor workers and new migrants arriving in cities such as [[Ankara]] and [[Istanbul]].<ref name="Esen" /><ref name="Hardoy" />{{rp|89}} From the 1980s onwards, property developers have upgraded many gecekondu areas.<ref name="Esen">{{cite web |last1=Esen |first1=Orhan |title=Istanbul's Gecekondus |url=http://lsecities.net/media/objects/articles/istanbuls-gecekondus |publisher=LSE Cities |access-date=1 October 2020 |date=22 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022184541/http://lsecities.net/media/objects/articles/istanbuls-gecekondus |archive-date=2013-10-22}}</ref> Shortly after the 2013 [[Gezi Park protests]] in Istanbul, Don Kişot (Don Quixote) was squatted in the [[Kadıköy]] district. It was stated to be the city's first occupied and self-managed social centre;<ref>{{cite news |title=From Madrid to Istanbul: Occupying Public Space |url=https://roarmag.org/essays/madrid-istanbul-occupy-squat/ |url-status=live |publisher=ROAR Magazine |date=2014-01-12 |access-date=2016-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924072723/https://roarmag.org/essays/madrid-istanbul-occupy-squat/ |archive-date=2016-09-24}}</ref> Caferağa Mahalle Evi (community centre Caferağa), also in [[Kadıköy]], was squatted soon afterwards and evicted in December 2014.<ref name="Konak-92">{{cite book |last1=Konak |first1=Nahide |last2=Dönmez |first2=Rasim Özgür |title=Waves of Social Movement Mobilizations in the Twenty-First Century: Challenges to the Neo-Liberal World Order and Democracy |year= 2015 |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=978-0-7391-9636-6 |page=92 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7n0BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA91 |access-date=1 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=English :: Caferağa Neighborhood House Evicted by Police|url=https://bianet.org/english/print/160635-caferaga-neighborhood-house-evicted-by-police|access-date=2021-03-02|website=bianet.org|archive-date=2016-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830091516/http://bianet.org/english/print/160635-caferaga-neighborhood-house-evicted-by-police|url-status=live}}</ref> A place was occupied in [[Beşiktaş]] district of Istanbul on March 18, 2014, and named Berkin Elvan Student House, after a 15-year-old boy who was shot during the Gezi protests and later died.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://bianet.org/english/youth/154283-berkin-elvan-student-house-opens-in-istanbul |title="Berkin Elvan Student House" Opens in Istanbul |publisher=BIA news desk |date=2014-03-19 |access-date=2016-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915052929/http://bianet.org/english/youth/154283-berkin-elvan-student-house-opens-in-istanbul |archive-date=2016-09-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> Atopya was squatted in Ankara in June 2014 by anarchists, who claimed it was the city's first political squat.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sosyalsavas.org/2014/05/atopya-ankara-da-isgal-evi/ |title=Atopya: Ankara' da İşgal Evi |publisher=Sosyalsavas |date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2016-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506025638/http://sosyalsavas.org/2014/05/atopya-ankara-da-isgal-evi/ |archive-date=2016-05-06 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Konak-92" />