Editing South Bend, Indiana (section)

===Early business===
During the late 1830s through the 1850s, much of South Bend's development centered on the industrial complex of factories located on the two [[Mill race|races]] (man-made canals along the [[St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan)|St. Joseph River]] in South Bend). Several dams were created and factories were built on each side of the river. On October 4, 1851, the first steam [[locomotive]] entered South Bend.<ref name=Crossroads /> This shifted commerce from the river to the [[railroad]]. In 1852, Henry Studebaker set up [[Studebaker]] wagon shop, later becoming the world's largest wagon builder and the only one to later succeed as an automobile manufacturer. The [[Singer Corporation|Singer Sewing Company]] and the [[Oliver Corporation|Oliver Chilled Plow Company]] were among other companies that made manufacturing the driving force in the South Bend economy until the mid-20th century.<ref name=Crossroads /> Another important economic act was the dredging of the [[Kankakee River]] in 1884 to create farmland.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.thekankakeeriver.com/kankakeeDredging.html |title = Dredging Of The River |publisher = Thekankakeeriver.com |access-date = December 17, 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160113204314/http://www.thekankakeeriver.com/kankakeeDredging.html |archive-date = January 13, 2016 |url-status = dead }}</ref> During this time period there was a great immigration of Europeans, such as Polish, Hungarian, Irish, German, Italian, and Swedish people to South Bend because of available employment in area factories.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Indiana_Emigration_and_Immigration |title = Indiana Emigration and Immigration &#124; Learn |publisher = FamilySearch.org |date = December 11, 2015 |access-date = December 17, 2015 }}</ref>

[[File:South-Bend-1866.gif|thumb|left|South Bend in 1866]]
South Bend benefited from its location on the [[Michigan Road]], the main north–south artery of [[northern Indiana]] in the 19th century.<ref name = Crossroads /> Another significant development occurred near South Bend in 1842, when Father [[Edward Sorin]] founded the [[University of Notre Dame]] just north of the town.<ref name="ND">"[http://nd.edu/aboutnd/ About Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame]" Official website. Retrieved on November 13, 2007.</ref> It became a major factor in the area's economy and culture.<ref name="NDEcon">Bay Area Economics."[http://impact.nd.edu/PDF/UND_economic_impact_report_2002.pdf Notre Dame and The Local Economy:2002]." Retrieved on August 31, 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029191537/http://impact.nd.edu/PDF/UND_economic_impact_report_2002.pdf |date=October 29, 2008 }}</ref>