Editing Sorbian languages (section)

==Linguistic features==
Both Upper and Lower Sorbian have the [[dual (grammatical number)|dual]] for [[noun]]s, [[pronoun]]s, [[adjective]]s, and [[verb]]s; very few living Indo-European languages retain this as a productive feature of the grammar. For example, the word {{lang|dsb|ruka}} is used for one hand, {{lang|dsb|ruce}} for two hands, and {{lang|dsb|ruki}} for more than two hands. As with most [[Slavic languages]], Sorbian uses no [[article (grammar)|articles]].

===Grammar===
The Sorbian languages are [[Declension|declined]] in six or seven cases:
#[[Nominative case|Nominative]]
#[[Accusative case|Accusative]]
#[[Genitive case|Genitive]]
#[[Dative case|Dative]]
#[[Locative case|Locative]]
#[[Instrumental case|Instrumental]]
#[[Vocative case|Vocative]] (Upper Sorbian only)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Case
! colspan="2" | nan<br />father
! štom<br />tree
! bom<br />tree
! colspan="2" | wokno<br />window
|-
| &nbsp;
| Upper Sorb.
| Lower Sorb.
| Upper Sorb.
| Lower Sorb.
| Upper Sorb.
| Lower Sorb.
|-
| Nom.
| nan
| nan
| rowspan="2" | štom
| rowspan="2" | bom
| rowspan="2" | wokno
| rowspan="2" | wokno
|-
| Acc.
| rowspan="2" | nana
| rowspan="2" | nana
|-
| Gen.
| štoma
| boma
| wokna
| wokna
|-
| Dat.
| nan'''ej'''
| nan'''oju'''
| štom'''ej'''
| bom'''oju'''
| woknu
| wokn'''oju''', woknu
|-
| Loc.
| wo nanje
| wó nanje
| na štomje
| na bomje
| na woknje
| na woknje
|-
| Instr.
| z nanom
| z nanom
| ze štomom
| z bomom
| z woknom
| z woknom
|-
| Voc.
| nano
| —
| štomo
| —
| —
| —
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Case
! ramjo<br />shoulder
! ramje<br />shoulder, armpit
! žona<br />woman
! žeńska<br />woman, wife
! colspan="2" | ruka<br />hand
|-
| &nbsp;
| Upper Sorb.
| Lower Sorb.
| Upper Sorb.
| Lower Sorb.
| Upper Sorb.
| Lower Sorb.
|-
| Nom.
| rowspan="2" | ramjo
| rowspan="2" | ramje
| žona
| žeńska
| colspan="2" | ruka
|-
| Acc.
| žonu
| žeńsku
| colspan="2" | ruku
|-
| Gen.
| ramjenja
| ramjenja
| žony
| žeńskeje
| colspan="2" | ruki
|-
| Dat.
| ramjenju
| ramjenj'''eju''', ramjenju
| žonje
| žeńskej
| colspan="2" | ruce
|-
| Loc.
| wo ramjenju
| wó ramjenju
| wo žonje
| wó žeńskej
| colspan="2" | w ruce
|-
| Instr.
| z ramjen'''jom'''
| z ramjen'''im'''
| ze žonu
| ze žeńskeju
| colspan="2" | z ruku
|}

===Vocabulary comparison===
The following is selected vocabulary from the two Sorbian languages compared with other Slavic languages.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English
! Lower Sorbian
! Upper Sorbian
! [[Serbo-Croatian]]
! [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
! [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
! [[Slovene language|Slovene]]
! [[Czech language|Czech]]
! [[Polish language|Polish]]
! [[Polabian language|Polabian]]
! [[Kashubian language|Kashubian]]
! [[Silesian language|Silesian]]
! [[Slovak language|Slovak]]
! [[Russian language|Russian]]
! [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
! [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]
|-
| person
| clowek/luź
| čłowjek
| човек / човјек<br />(čovek / čovjek)
| човек (čovek)
|човек<br>(čovek)
| človek
| člověk
| człowiek
| clawak
| człowiek
| czowiek
| človek
| человек<br />(čelovek)
| людина (l'udyna)
| чалавек (čalavjek)
|-
| evening
| wjacor
| wječor
| вече / вечер<br />(veče / večer)
| вечер (večer)
|вечер<br>(večer)
| večer
| večer
| wieczór
| vicer
| wieczór
| wieczōr
| večer
| вечер<br />(večer)
| вечір<br />(večir)
| вечар<br />(vječar)
|-
| brother
| bratš
| bratr
| брат<br />(brat)
| брат (brat)
|брат<br>(brat)
| brat
| bratr
| brat
| brot
| brat
| brat
| brat
| брат<br />(brat)
| брат<br />(brat)
| брат<br />(brat)
|-
| day
| źeń
| dźeń
| дан<br />(dan)
| ден (den)
|ден<br>(den)
| dan
| den
| dzień
| dôn
| dzéń
| dziyń
| deň
| день<br />(den')
| dziyń | день<br />(den')
| дзень<br />(dzjen')
|-
| hand
| ruka
| ruka
| рука<br />(ruka)
| рака (raka)
|ръка<br>(rəka)
| roka
| ruka
| ręka
| ręka
| rãka
| rynka
| ruka
| рука<br />(ruka)
| рука<br />(ruka)
| рука<br />(ruka)
|-
| snow
| sněg
| sněh
| снег / снијег<br />(sneg / snijeg)
| снег (sneg)
|сняг<br>(snjag)
| sneg
| sníh
| śnieg
| sneg
| sniég
| śniyg
| sneh
| снег<br />(sneg)
| сніг<br />(snih)
| снег<br />(snjeh)
|-
| summer
| lěśe
| lěćo
| лето / љето<br />(leto / ljeto)
| лето (leto)
|лято / лето<br>(ljato / ljeto)
| poletje
| léto
| lato
| ljutü
| lato
| lato
| leto
| лето<br />(leto)
| літо<br />(lito)
| лета<br />(ljeta)
|-
| sister
| sotša
| sotra
| сестра<br />(sestra)
| сестра (sestra)
|сестра<br>(sestra)
| sestra
| sestra
| siostra
| sestra
| sostra
| szwestra
| sestra
| сестра<br />(sestra)
| сестра<br />(sestra)
| сястра<br />(sjastra)
|-
| fish
| ryba
| ryba
| риба<br />(riba)
| риба (riba)
|риба<br>(riba)
| riba
| ryba
| ryba
| raibo
| rëba
| ryba
| ryba
| рыба<br />(ryba)
| риба<br />(ryba)
| рыба<br />(ryba)
|-
| fire
| wogeń
| woheń
| огањ<br />(oganj)
| оган (ogan)
|огън<br>(ogən)
| ogenj
| oheň
| ogień
| widin
| òdżin
| ôgyń
| oheň
| огонь<br />(ogon')
| вогонь<br />(vohon')
| агонь<br />(ahon')
|-
| water
| wóda
| woda
| вода<br />(voda)
| вода (voda)
|вода<br>(voda)
| voda
| voda
| woda
| wôda
| wòda
| woda
| voda
| вода<br />(voda)
| вода<br />(voda)
| вада<br />(vada)
|-
| wind
| wětš
| wětr
| ветар / вјетар<br />(vetar / vjetar)
| ветер (veter)
|вятър / ветер<br>(vjatər / veter)
| veter
| vítr
| wiatr
| wjôter
| wiater
| wiater
| vietor
| ветер<br />(veter)
| вітер<br />(viter)
| вецер<br />(vjetsjer)
|-
| winter
| zyma
| zyma
| зима<br />(zima)
| зима (zima)
|зима<br>(zima)
| zima
| zima
| zima
| zaima
| zëma
| zima
| zima
| зима<br />(zima)
| зима<br />(zyma)
| зіма<br />(zima)
|}