Editing Social geography (section)

==== Continental Europe ====
In the German-language geography, this focus on the connection between social groups and the [[landscape]] was further developed by [[Hans Bobek]] and [[Wolfgang Hartke]] after the Second World War.<ref>Hajdu, Joseph J. (1968): Toward a Definition of Post-War German Social Geography. ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'' 58 (2): 397-410.</ref><ref group="note">Though the term "Sozialgeographie" had been used before, the first call for a systematic consideration of social groups within German-language geography came from Richard Busch-Zantner (1937): Zur Ordnung der anthropogenen Faktoren. ''Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen'' 83: 138-141 [139]. {{in lang|de}} (Cited by: Werlen, Benno (2008): 75-76.). However, he died in the Second World War.</ref> For Bobek, groups of ''Lebensformen'' (patterns of life)—influenced by social factors—that formed the landscape, were at the center of his social geographical analysis.<ref>Bobek, Hans (1948): Stellung und Bedeutung der Sozialgeographie. ''[[Erdkunde]]'' 2: 118-125 [122]. {{in lang|de}}</ref> In a similar approach, Hartke considered the landscape a source for indices or traces of certain social groups' behaviour.<ref>[[Wolfgang Hartke|Hartke, Wolfgang]] (1959): Gedanken über die Bestimmung von Räumen gleichen sozialgeographischen Verhaltens. ''Erdkunde'' 13 (4): 426-436 [427]. {{in lang|de}}</ref> The best-known example of this perspective was the concept of ''Sozialbrache'' (social-fallow),<ref>Hartke, Wolfgang (1956): Die Sozialbrache als Phänomen der geographischen Differenzierung der Landschaft. ''Erdkunde'' 10 (4): 257-269. {{in lang|de}}</ref> i.e. the abandoning of tillage as an indicator for occupational shifts away from agriculture.<ref>Thomale, Eckhard (1984): Social Geographical Research in Germany - a Balance Sheet for the Years 1950-1980. ''GeoJournal'' 9 (3): 223-230 [228].</ref>

Though the French ''Géographie Sociale'' had been a great influence especially on Hartke's ideas,<ref>Hajdu (1968): 400</ref> no such distinct school of thought formed within the French human geography.<ref>Hérin (1984): 231.</ref><ref>Claval (1986): 15.</ref> Nonetheless, [[Albert Demangeon]] paved the way for a number of more systematic conceptualizations of the field with his (posthumously published) notion<ref>Demangeon, A. (1942): Problèmes de géographie humaine. Paris (Armand Colin). [28]</ref> that social groups ought to be within the center of human geographical analysis.<ref>Werlen (2008): 60.</ref> That task was carried out by [[Pierre George]] and [[Maximilien Sorre]], among others. Then a Marxist,<ref>Hérin (1984): 232.</ref> George's stance was dominated by a socio-economic rationale,<ref>Buttimer (1968): 137.</ref> but without the [[Structural Marxism|structuralist interpretations]] found in the works of some the French sociologists of the time.<ref>Claval (1986): 17-18.</ref> However, it was another French Marxist, the sociologist [[Henri Lefebvre]], who introduced the concept of the (social) production of space.<ref>Claval, Paul (1984): The Concept of Social Space and the Nature of Social Geography. ''New Zealand Geographer'' 40 (2): 105-109 [105-106].</ref> He had written on that and related topics since the 1930s,<ref>[[Richard Peet|Peet, Richard]] (1998): Modern Geographical Thought. Oxford, Malden (Blackwell). [100-102]</ref> but fully expounded it in ''La Production de L'Espace''<ref>[[Henri Lefebvre|Lefebvre, Henri]] (1974): La Production de L'Espace. Paris (Anthropos).</ref> as late as 1974. Sorre developed a schema of society related to the ecological idea of [[habitat]], which was applied to an urban context by the sociologist [[Paul-Henry Chombart de Lauwe]].<ref>Buttimer, Anne (1969): Social Space in Interdisciplinary Perspective. ''Geographical Review'' 59 (3): 417-426.</ref> For the Dutch geographer {{ill|Christiaan van Paassen|nl|Chris van Paassen}}, the world consisted of socio-spatial entities of different scales formed by what he referred to as a "syn-ecological complex",<ref>[[Christiaan van Paassen|van Passen, Christiaan]] (1965): Preliminary to social-geographical theory. Utrecht. [3-5]</ref> an idea influenced by [[existentialism]].<ref>Hoekveld, Gerard (2003): Christiaan van Paassen (1917-1996). In: Armstrong, Patrick H. and Geoffrey J. Martin (eds.): Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies (22). New York: 157-168 [158].</ref>

A more analytical ecological approach on human geography was the one developed by [[Edgar Kant]] in his native Estonia in the 1930s and later at [[Lund University]], which he called "anthropo-ecology". His awareness of the temporal dimension of social life would lead to the formation of [[time geography]] through the works of [[Torsten Hägerstrand]] and [[Sven Godlund]].<ref>Buttimer, Anne (2005): Edgar Kant (1902–1978): A Baltic Pioneer. ''Geografiska Annaler, Series B: Human Geography'' 87 (3): 175-192 [179-180].</ref>
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== Social space ==
{{Main|Social space}}

== Research and application ==
== Institutional organisation ==
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