Editing Slavonia (section)

===Ottoman conquest===
[[File:Luka Ibrisimovic-Sokol.jpg|thumb|140px|upright|right|[[Luka Ibrišimović]] led a revolt against Ottomans in Požega.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute]]|work=Hrvatski Biografski Leksikon|title=Ibrišimović, Luka|language=hr|trans-title=Ibrišimović, Luka|url=http://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=96|year=2005|author=Franjo Emanuel Hoško|access-date=2 April 2012}}</ref>]]
{{main|Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War|Sanjak of Pojega|Great Turkish War}}
Following the Battle of Mohács, the Ottomans expanded their possessions in Slavonia seizing [[Đakovo]] in 1536 and Požega in 1537, defeating a Habsburg army led by [[Johann Katzianer]], who was attempting to retake Slavonia, at [[Gorjani, Croatia|Gorjani]] in September 1537. By 1540, Osijek was also under firm control of the Ottomans, and regular administration in Slavonia was introduced by establishing the [[Sanjak of Pojega]]. The Ottoman control in Slavonia expanded as [[Novska]] surrendered the same year. Turkish conquest continued—[[Našice]] were seized in 1541, [[Orahovica]] and [[Slatina, Croatia|Slatina]] in 1542, and in 1543, [[Voćin]], [[Sirač]] and, after a 40-day siege, [[Valpovo]]. In 1544, Ottoman forces conquered [[Pakrac]]. Lessening hostilities brought about a five-year truce in 1547 and temporary stabilization of the border between Habsburg and Ottoman empires, with [[Virovitica]] becoming the most significant defensive Habsburg fortress and Požega the most significant Ottoman centre in Slavonia, as Ottoman advances to Sisak and [[Čazma]] were made, including a brief occupation of the cities. Further westward efforts of the Turkish forces presented a significant threat to [[Zagreb]] and the rest of Croatia and the Hungarian kingdom, prompting a greater defensive commitment by the Habsburg Monarchy. One year after the 1547 truce ended, [[Ivan Lenković]] devised a system of fortifications and troops in the border areas, a forerunner of the [[Croatian Military Frontier]]. Nonetheless, in 1552, the Ottoman conquest of Slavonia was completed when Virovitica was captured.<ref name="Mujadžević">{{cite journal|journal=Povijesni prilozi|publisher=Croatian History Institute|issn=0351-9767|title=Osmanska osvajanja u Slavoniji 1552. u svjetlu osmanskih arhivskih izvora|language=hr|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=63160|trans-title=The 1552 Ottoman invasions in Slavonia according to the Ottoman archival sources|volume=36|issue=36|date=July 2009|author=Dino Mujadžević|pages=89–107|access-date=11 March 2012}}</ref> Ottoman advances in the Croatian territory continued until the 1593 [[Battle of Sisak]], the first decisive Ottoman defeat, and a more lasting stabilisation of the frontier. During the [[Great Turkish War]] (1683–1698), Slavonia was regained in between 1684 and 1691 when the Ottomans abandoned the region—unlike western [[Bosnia]], which had been part of Croatia before the [[Ottoman conquest of Bosnia|Ottoman conquest]].<ref name="frucht422"/> The present-day southern border of Slavonia and the border between Croatia and [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] is a remnant of this outcome.<ref name=Lane409>Lane (1973), p. 409</ref><ref name="Blagojević">{{cite journal|journal=Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci|publisher=[[University of Rijeka]]|issn=1846-8314|title=Zemljopisno, povijesno, upravno i pravno određenje istočne Hrvatske – korijeni suvremenog regionalizma|language=hr|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=63800|trans-title=Geographical, historical, administrative and legal determination of the eastern Croatia – the roots of modern regionalism|volume=29|issue=2|date=December 2008|author=Anita Blagojević|pages=1149–1180|access-date=12 March 2012}}</ref>

The [[Croatian–Ottoman Wars|Ottoman wars]] instigated great demographic changes. Croats migrated towards [[Archduchy of Austria|Austria]] and the present-day [[Burgenland Croats]] are direct descendants of these settlers.<ref name="BurgenlandCro">{{cite web|publisher=Croatian Cultural Association in Burgenland|url=http://www.hkd.at/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=102&lang=hr|language=hr|title=Povijest Gradišćanskih Hrvatov|trans-title=History of Burgenland Croats|access-date=17 October 2011|archive-date=14 November 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114132821/http://www.hkd.at/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=102&lang=hr}}</ref> The Muslim population in Slavonia at the end of Turkish rule accounted for almost half of Slavonia's population who was indigenous, primarily Croats, less immigrants from Bosnia and Serbia and rarely genuine Turks or Arabs.<ref>Nihad Kulenović, 2016, Cross border cooperation between Baranja and Tuzla Region, http://baza.gskos.hr/Graniceidentiteti.pdf #page=234</ref> In the second half of the 16th century Vlachs from Slavonia were no longer an exclusive part of population because the Vlach privileges were attractive for many non-Vlachs who mixed with the Vlachs in order to get their status.<ref>
{{Cite book |last=Kaser |first=Karl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eqR0PgAACAAJ |title=Slobodan seljak i vojnik: Rana krajiška društva, 1545-1754 |date=1997 |publisher=Naprijed |isbn=978-953-178-064-3 |language=en}}</ref> To replace the fleeing Croats, the Habsburgs called on the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] populations of [[Bosnia]] and [[Serbia]] to provide military service in the Croatian Military Frontier. Serb migration into this region peaked during the [[Great Serb Migrations]] of 1690 and 1737–39.<ref name="Indiana University Press">{{cite book|author1=[[John R. Lampe]]|author2=Marvin R. Jackson|title=Balkan economic history, 1550–1950: from imperial borderlands to developing nations|page= 62|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|year=1982|isbn=978-0-253-30368-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtW2axOSn10C|access-date=17 October 2011}}</ref> The greatest Serb concentrations were in the eastern Slavonia, and [[Sremski Karlovci]] became the see of Serbian Orthodox metropolitans.<ref name="Banac2015">{{cite book|author=Ivo Banac|title=The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zf6tDwAAQBAJ|date=2015|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-5017-0194-8|page=38}}</ref> Part of the colonists came to Slavonia from area south of the [[Sava]], especially from the [[Tuzla|Soli]] and [[Usora Municipality|Usora]] areas, continuing the process which already started after 1521. At beginning of the 17th century it seems that there was a new wave of colonization, about 10,000 families which are assumed to come from [[Sanjak of Klis]] or with less possibility from area of [[Sanjak of Bosnia]].<ref>Nenad Moačanin, 2003, Požega i Požeština u sklopu Osmanlijskoga carstva : (1537.-1691.),{1555. svi obveznici "klasičnih" rajinskih dažbina u Srijemu i Slavoniji nazvani su "vlasima", što uključuje ne samo starosjedilačko hrvatsko pučanstvo nego i Mađare!), Neki su se dakle starosjedioci vraćali, a dijelom su kolonisti sa statusom koji je imao nekih sličnosti s vlaškim (a da sami nisu nužno bili ni porijeklom Vlasi) dolazili iz prekosavskih krajeva, posebice s područja Soli i Usore, nastavljajući tako proces započet već nakon 1521. Ako bi se ta pojava mogla povezati s preseljenjem, uglavnom u Podunavlje, 10 000 obitelji iz Kliskog sandžaka nakon pobune (1604?)98, i ako je prihvatljivo da ih se dosta naselilo i oko Požege, onda bismo možda mogli djelomice tumačiti bune i hajdučiju u to vrijeme dolaskom "buntovnijeg" pučanstva. Novo je stanovništvo moglo doći i s područja Bosanskog sandžaka, ali za sada se "kliska" pretpostavka čini nešto sigurnijom} http://baza.gskos.hr/cgi-bin/unilib.cgi?form=D1430506006 #page=35,40,80</ref>