Editing Skokie, Illinois (section)

===Supreme Court rulings===
Twice in its history, Skokie has been the focal point of cases before the United States Supreme Court. ''[[National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie]]'', [[Case citation|432 U.S. 43]] (1977), involved a [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] issue. ''[[Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. Army Corps of Engineers|Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County (SWANCC) v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]]'', 531 U.S. 159 (2001) touched upon the [[Commerce Clause]].

====''National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie''====
{{main|National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie}}
In 1977 and 1978, Illinois neo-Nazis of the [[National Socialist Party of America]] (NSPA) attempted to hold a march in Skokie, far from their headquarters on Chicago's south side. Originally, the neo-Nazis had planned a political rally in [[Marquette Park (Chicago)|Marquette Park]] in [[Chicago]]. The park is located in what was then a predominantly all-white neighborhood, similar to the [[Marquette Park (Chicago)#Civil rights protests|situation in 1966]], when a crowd of 4,000 Marquette Park residents gathered to watch [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] lead a march, some waving Confederate flags or throwing bottles, bricks and rocks at the protesters; King was knocked to his knees when struck by a rock.<ref name=Wilkerson>{{cite book |first=Isabel |last=Wilkerson |title=The Warmth of Other Suns|url=https://archive.org/details/greatmigration00wilk |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Random House]] |location=[[New York City]] |year=2010 |page=[https://archive.org/details/greatmigration00wilk/page/388 388] |isbn=9780679444329}}</ref> However, the Chicago authorities thwarted the NSPA's plans.<ref name="SkokievNzs" />

Seeking another free-speech political venue, the NSPA group chose to march on Skokie. Given the many [[Holocaust]] survivors living in Skokie, the village's government thought the Nazi march would be disruptive, and refused the NSPA permission to hold the event. The NSPA appealed that decision, and the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] interceded on their behalf, in ''[[National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie]]''. An Illinois appeals court raised the injunction issued by a Cook County Circuit Court judge, ruling that the presence of the [[swastika]], the Nazi emblem, would constitute deliberate provocation of the people of Skokie. However, the Court also ruled that Skokie's attorneys had failed to prove that either the Nazi uniform or their printed materials, which it was alleged that the Nazis intended to distribute, would incite violence.<ref>{{cite news | last = Dubey | first = Diane | title = No swastikas allowed: Lift march injunction | work = The Skokie Life | date = July 14, 1977 | url = http://www.digitalpast.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/skokiepo001&CISOPTR=165 }}</ref>

Moreover, because Chicago subsequently lifted its Marquette Park political demonstration ban, the NSPA ultimately held its rally in Chicago. The attempted Illinois Nazi march on Skokie was dramatized in the television film ''[[Skokie (film)|Skokie]]'' in 1981.  It was satirized in the film ''[[The Blues Brothers (film)|The Blues Brothers]]'' in 1980.

====Migratory bird rule====
{{See also|Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. Army Corps of Engineers}}
In 2001, the decision by Skokie and 22 other communities belonging to the Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County to use an isolated [[wetland]] as a solid waste disposal site resulted in a lawsuit. Ultimately, the case went all the way to the United States Supreme Court, and resulted in an overturn of the federal [[migratory bird rule]].