Editing Skateboarding (section)

===1980s===
[[File:Judi Oyama Rich Oyama Capitola White Shirt.png|thumb|[[Judi Oyama]] in 1980]]
This period was fueled by skateboard companies that were run by skateboarders. The focus was initially on [[vert ramp]] skateboarding. The invention of the no-hands aerial (later known as the [[Ollie (skateboarding)|ollie]]) by [[Alan Gelfand]] in Florida in 1976,<ref name="sm">{{cite news|title=GASBAG|url=http://skateboarding.transworld.net/1000009436/features/gasbag/|work=Transworld Skateboarding|publisher=Bonnier Corporation|access-date=August 17, 2012|author=Transworld|date=October 11, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120134852/http://skateboarding.transworld.net/1000009436/features/gasbag/|archive-date=January 20, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> and the almost parallel development of the grabbed aerial by George Orton and [[Tony Alva]] in California, made it possible for skaters to perform airs on vertical ramps. While this wave of skateboarding was sparked by commercialized vert ramp skating, a majority of people who skateboarded during this period did not ride vert ramps. As most people could not afford to build vert ramps, or did not have access to nearby ramps, [[Street skateboarding|street skating]] increased in popularity.

Freestyle skating remained healthy throughout this period, with pioneers such as [[Rodney Mullen]] inventing many of the basic tricks that would become the foundation of modern street skating, such as the "Impossible" and the "[[kickflip]]".<ref name="Architecture"/> The influence that freestyle exerted upon street skating became apparent during the mid-1980s; however, street skating was still performed on wide vert boards with short noses, slide rails, and large soft wheels. In response to the tensions created by this confluence of skateboarding "genres", a rapid evolution occurred in the late 1980s to accommodate the street skater. Since few skateparks were available to skaters at this time, street skating pushed skaters to seek out shopping centers and public and private property as their "spot" to skate. (Public opposition, in which businesses, governments, and property owners have banned skateboarding on properties under their jurisdiction or ownership, would progressively intensify over the following decades.) <ref name="Architecture"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Skate For Life: An Analysis of the Skateboarding Subculture|url=http://honors.usf.edu/documents/Thesis/U69703351.pdf|work=Skate For Life: An Analysis of the Skateboarding Subculture (Honors Thesis)|publisher=USF University of South Florida|access-date=August 17, 2012|author=Thomas Slee|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120134855/http://honors.usf.edu/documents/Thesis/U69703351.pdf|archive-date=January 20, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Poetics of Security: Skateboarding, Urban Design, and the New Public Space{{!}}1|url=http://bss.sfsu.edu/urbanaction/ua2001/ps2.html|work=Urban Action 2001|publisher=San Francisco State University|access-date=August 17, 2012|author=Ocean Howell|year=2001|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724004733/http://bss.sfsu.edu/urbanaction/ua2001/ps2.html|archive-date=July 24, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> By 1992, only a small fraction of skateboarders continuing to take part in a highly technical version of street skating, combined with the decline of vert skating, produced a sport that lacked the mainstream appeal to attract new skaters.

During this period, numerous skateboarders—as well as companies in the industry—paid tribute to the scenes of [[Marty McFly]] skateboarding in the film ''[[Back to the Future]]'' for its influence in this regard. Examples can be seen in promotional material, in interviews in which professional skateboarders cite the film as an initiation into the action sport, and in the public's recognition of the film's influence.<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome Back to the Future Of Radical |url=http://www.rogerskateboards.com/welcome-back-to-the-future-of-radical/ |publisher=Roger Skateboards|access-date=August 24, 2012 |author=Michael Sieben |author2=Stacey Lowery |date=June 23, 2012 |url-status= usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511170150/http://www.rogerskateboards.com/welcome-back-to-the-future-of-radical/ |archive-date=May 11, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Going 'Back to the Future,' 25 years later|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/Movies/10/20/bttf.anniversary.go/index.html|work=CNN Cable News Network|publisher=Turner Broadcasting System, Inc|access-date=August 24, 2012|author=Henry Hanks|date=October 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222230003/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/Movies/10/20/bttf.anniversary.go/index.html|archive-date=February 22, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Tony Hawk has stated that “there are plenty of legendary pros that I know of that started skating because they saw that [film].” <ref>{{Cite web|title=At Tokyo Olympics, a debt to 'Back to the Future' and 'E.T.'|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2021/07/23/at-tokyo-olympics-a-debt-to-back-to-the-future-and-et/117657620/|access-date=2021-08-01|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US}}</ref>