Editing Silicon Valley (section)

===Role of Stanford University===
{{see also|Stanford University|Stanford Research Park}}
[[File:Stanford University Main Quad May 2011 001 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Stanford University]] played the central role in the emergence of Silicon Valley, both through its academic programs and through its real investments into the local tech ecosystem, such as with the [[Stanford Research Park]].<ref name="Markoff" />]]
[[Stanford University]], its affiliates, and graduates have played a major role in the development of the culture of collaboration among high-tech companies.<ref name="Markoff">{{cite news |url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/04/17/travel/escapes/17Amer.html?pagewanted=1 |title=Searching for Silicon Valley |last=Markoff |first=John |date=April 17, 2009 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=April 17, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429065011/http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/04/17/travel/escapes/17Amer.html?pagewanted=1 |archive-date=April 29, 2011}}</ref> A powerful sense of regional solidarity shaped the outlook of inventors and engineers in California; contrasting markedly from the insular and competitive environment of engineering firms on the [[East Coast of the United States]].<ref name=Sturgeon/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Scholar examines links between Stanford, Silicon Valley |url=https://news.stanford.edu/news/2003/april16/historysusv-416.html |access-date=December 11, 2022 |website=news.stanford.edu}}</ref> From the 1890s, Stanford University's [[leader]]s saw its mission as service to the (American) [[Western United States|West]] and shaped the school accordingly. At the same time, the perceived exploitation of the West at the hands of eastern interests fueled [[Boosterism|booster-like]] attempts to build self-sufficient local industry. Thus regionalism helped align Stanford's interests with those of the area's high-tech firms.<ref>Stephen B. Adams, "Regionalism in Stanford's Contribution to the Rise of Silicon Valley", ''Enterprise & Society'' 2003 4(3): 521–543</ref>

[[Frederick Terman]], as Stanford University's dean of the school of engineering from 1946,<ref>
[https://www.smecc.org/frederick_terman.htm Frederick Terman] - "When Terman returned to Stanford University in 1946 as dean of engineering, he applied his wartime reputation and experience to augmenting the university's income by encouraging research for the U.S. government [...].</ref> encouraged faculty and graduates to start their own companies. In 1951 Terman spearheaded the formation of Stanford Industrial Park (now [[Stanford Research Park]], an area surrounding [[Page Mill Road]], south west of [[El Camino Real (California)|El Camino Real]] and extending beyond [[California county routes in zone G#G5|Foothill Expressway]] to Arastradero Road), where the university leased portions of its land to high-tech firms.<ref>[http://otl.stanford.edu/about/documents/JSstanfordpark.pdf Sandelin, John, ''The Story of the Stanford Industrial/Research Park'', 2004] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609191745/http://otl.stanford.edu/about/documents/JSstanfordpark.pdf |date=June 9, 2007}}</ref> Terman nurtured companies like [[Hewlett-Packard]], [[Varian Associates]], [[Eastman Kodak]], [[General Electric]], [[Lockheed Corporation]], and other high-tech firms, until what would become Silicon Valley grew up around the Stanford University campus.
[[File:Hewlett-Packard_garage_and_house_exterior_in_Palo_Alto,_Silicon_Valley,_California_(_HP_garage_).jpg|thumb|left|The [[HP Garage]], dubbed the "Birthplace of Silicon Valley", where [[Bill Hewlett]] and [[David Packard]] (founders of [[Hewlett-Packard]]) began developing their [[Electronic oscillator|audio oscillator]] in 1938]]
In 1951, to address the financial demands of Stanford's growth requirements, and to provide local employment-opportunities for graduating students, [[Frederick Terman]] proposed leasing Stanford's lands for use as an [[office park]] named the [[Stanford Industrial Park]] (later [[Stanford Research Park]]). Terman invited only high-technology companies. The first tenant was [[Varian Associates]], founded by Stanford alumni in the 1930s to build military-radar components. Terman also found [[venture capital]] for civilian-technology start-ups. [[Hewlett-Packard]] became one of the major success-stories. Founded in 1939 in [[Packard's garage]] by Stanford graduates [[Bill Hewlett]] and [[David Packard]], Hewlett-Packard moved its offices into the Stanford Research Park shortly after 1953. In 1954 Stanford originated the Honors Cooperative Program to allow full-time employees of the companies to pursue graduate degrees from the university on a part-time basis. The initial companies signed five-year agreements in which they would pay double the tuition for each student in order to cover the costs. Hewlett-Packard has become the largest personal-computer manufacturer in the world, and transformed the home-printing market when it released the first thermal drop-on-demand [[ink-jet printer]] in 1984.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thocp.net/timeline/1984.htm |title=History of Computing Industrial Era 1984–1985 |work=thocp.net |access-date=April 19, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428155324/http://www.thocp.net/timeline/1984.htm |archive-date=April 28, 2015}}</ref> Other early tenants included [[Eastman Kodak]], [[General Electric]], and [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]].<ref>
{{cite web |title=The Stanford Research Park: The Engine of Silicon Valley |url=http://www.paloaltohistory.com/stanford-research-park.php |work=PaloAltoHistory.com |access-date=March 29, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329094048/http://www.paloaltohistory.com/stanford-research-park.php |archive-date=March 29, 2014}}
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