Editing Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (section)

== Organisational structure ==
[[File:Structure of the SCO.png|center|550px]]

As of 2020, the Council of Heads of State was the top decision-making body in the SCO, meeting at the annual SCO summits in one of the member states' capital cities. Because of their government structure, the prime ministers of the parliamentary democracies of India and Pakistan attend the SCO Council of Heads of State summits, as their responsibilities are similar to the presidents of other SCO nations.<ref name="thehindu28nov20">{{cite news |last1=Haidar |first1=Suhasani |title=India to host SCO Heads of Government meet; Modi, Imran to skip |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/six-pms-to-attend-sco-heads-of-government-summit-hosted-by-india/article33201037.ece |website=The Hindu |publisher=THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. |access-date=15 June 2021 |date=28 November 2020}}</ref>

As of the 4 July 2024 meeting, the Council of Heads of State consists of:
* [[Aleksandr Lukashenko ]] (Belarus)
* [[Xi Jinping]] (China)
* [[Narendra Modi]] (India)
* [[ Masoud Pezeshkian ]] (Iran)
* [[Kassym-Jomart Tokayev]] (Kazakhstan)
* [[Sadyr Japarov]] (Kyrgyzstan)
* [[Shehbaz Sharif]] (Pakistan)
* [[Vladimir Putin]] (Russia)
* [[Emomali Rahmon]] (Tajikistan)
* [[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]] (Uzbekistan)

The Council of Heads of Government is the second-highest council in the organisation. This council also holds annual summits, at which time members discuss issues of multilateral cooperation and approves the organisation's budget.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Council of Heads of Government (Prime Ministers) |url=http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/20220810/909124.html |publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organization Secretariat |access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref> As of the 1 November 2022 meeting, Council of Heads of Government consists of:<ref>{{cite web |title=21st SCO Heads of Government Council meeting |url=http://eng.sectsco.org/economy/20221101/921909/21st-SCO-Heads-of-Government-Council-meeting-.html |publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organization Secretariat |access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[Aleksandr Turchin]] (Belarus)
* [[Li Qiang]] (China)
* [[Narendra Modi]] (India) (usually sends a deputy, such as [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|EAM]] [[Subrahmanyam Jaishankar]] at the 2021 summit)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/eam-s-jaishankar-to-represent-india-at-sco-heads-of-govt-meeting-121112401424_1.html | title=EAM S Jaishankar to represent India at SCO heads of govt meeting | date=25 November 2021 }}</ref>
* [[Alihan Smaiylov]] (Kazakhstan)
* [[Akylbek Japarov]] (Kyrgyzstan)
* [[Shehbaz Sharif]] (Pakistan) (usually sends a deputy, such as Parliamentary Secretary for Foreign Affairs [[Andleeb Abbas]] at the 2020 summit)<ref name="thehindu28nov20" />
* [[Mikhail Mishustin]] (Russia)
* [[Kokhir Rasulzoda|Qohir Rasulzoda]] (Tajikistan)
* [[Abdulla Aripov]] (Uzbekistan)

As of 2007, the Council of Foreign Ministers also held regular meetings, where they discussed the current international situation and interaction with other international organisations.<ref>{{cite press release | url = http://www.malaysia.mid.ru/press2007/e_22.html | title = Session of the Council of Foreign Ministers from Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation | publisher = Embassy of the Russian Federation in Malaysia | location = Kuala Lumpur | date = 9 July 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120208154821/http://www.malaysia.mid.ru/press2007/e_22.html | archive-date = 8 February 2012}}</ref> As of 2021, the Council of National Coordinators coordinated the multilateral cooperation of member states within the framework of the SCO's charter.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan |title=The First SCO Council of National Coordinators Meeting Chaired by Tajikistan |url=https://mfa.tj/en/islamabad/view/7076/the-first-sco-council-of-national-coordinators-meeting-chaired-by-tajikistan |website=mfa.tj |publisher=Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan |access-date=15 June 2021 |date=29 January 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable floatright" style="margin-left:1em; margin-top:0"
|+ Directors of SCO RATS Executive Committee
! Years in office !! Name
|-
| 15 June 2004 – 2006 || {{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} Vyacheslav Kasymov
|-
| 2007–2009 || {{flagicon|Kyrgyzstan}} [[Myrzakan Subanov]]
|-
| 2010–2012 || {{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} Dzhenisbek Dzhumanbekov
|-
| 2013–2015 || {{flagicon|China}} [[Zhang Xinfeng]]
|-
| 2016–2018 || {{flagicon|Russia}} Yevgeniy Sysoev
|-
| 2019–2021 || {{flagicon|Tajikistan}} Jumakhon Giyosov
|-
| 2022–present || {{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} Ruslan Mirzaev
|}

{| class="wikitable floatright" style="clear:none; margin-left:1em"
|+ Heads of SCO Secretariat
! Years in office !! Name
|-
| colspan=2 | '''Executive Secretary'''
|-
| 15 January 2004 – 2006 || {{flagicon|China}} [[Zhang Deguang]]
|-
| colspan=2 | '''Secretaries-General'''
|-
| 2007–2009 || {{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Bolat Nurgaliyev]]
|-
| 2010–2012 || {{flagicon|Kyrgyzstan}} [[Muratbek Imanaliyev]]
|-
| 2013–2015 || {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Dmitry Mezentsev]]
|-
| 2016–2018 || {{flagicon|Tajikistan}} [[Rashid Alimov]]
|-
| 2019–2021|| {{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} [[Vladimir Norov]]
|-
| 2022–2024|| {{flagicon|China}} [[Zhang Ming]]
|-
| 2025-present|| {{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Nurlan Yermekbayev]]
|}

The Secretariat of the SCO, headquartered in [[Beijing]], China, is the primary executive body of the organisation. It serves to implement organisational decisions and decrees, drafts proposed documents (such as declarations and agendas), function as a document depository for the organisation, arranges specific activities within the SCO framework, and promotes and disseminates information about the SCO. The SCO Secretary-General is elected to a three-year term.<ref name="FreshMCQs">{{Cite web |title=Who is the current Secretary General SCO? |url=https://freshmcqs.com/secretary-general-sco/ |access-date=28 July 2023 |website=Fresh MCQs|date=11 December 2022 }}</ref> Zhang Ming of China became the current Secretary-General on 1 January 2022.<ref name="FreshMCQs"/>

The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) Executive Committee, headquartered in [[Tashkent]], Uzbekistan, is a permanent organ of the SCO which serves to promote cooperation of member states against the [[three evils]] of [[terrorism]], [[separatism]] and [[extremism]]. The Director of SCO RATS Executive Committee is elected to a three-year term. Ruslan Mirzaev of Uzbekistan became the current Director on 1 January 2022. Each member state also sends a permanent representative to RATS.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sectsco.org/fk-03.html | title = Information on Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation | publisher = Shanghai Cooperation Organisation | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081211154326/http://www.sectsco.org/fk-03.html | archive-date = 11 December 2008}}</ref>

The official languages of the SCO are [[Standard Chinese|Chinese]] and [[Russian language|Russian]].<ref name="about-sco"/>