Editing Shandong (section)

===Imperial history===
The [[Qin dynasty]] conquered Qi and founded the first centralized Chinese state in 221&nbsp;BC. The [[Han dynasty]] that followed created several commanderies supervised by two regions ({{lang|zh|刺史部}}) in what is now modern Shandong: Qingzhou ({{lang|zh|青州}}) in the north and Yanzhou ({{lang|zh-hant|兗州}}) in the south. During the [[Three Kingdoms]] period, Shandong was part of the northern kingdom of [[Cao Wei]], which ruled over northern China.

After the Three Kingdoms period, a brief period of unity under the [[Western Jin dynasty]] gave way to invasions by nomadic peoples from the north. Northern China, including Shandong, was overrun. Over the next century or so, Shandong changed hands several times, falling to the [[Later Zhao]], then [[Former Yan]], then [[Former Qin]], then [[Later Yan]], then [[Southern Yan]], then the [[Liu Song dynasty]], and finally the [[Northern Wei dynasty]], the first of the Northern dynasties during the [[Northern and Southern dynasties]] period. Shandong stayed with the Northern dynasties for the rest of this period.

In 412 AD, the Chinese [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk [[Faxian]] landed at [[Laoshan District|Laoshan]], on the southern edge of the Shandong peninsula, and proceeded to [[Qingzhou]] to edit and translate the scriptures he had brought back from [[India]].

The [[Sui dynasty]] reestablished unity in 589, and the [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907) presided over the next golden age of China. For the earlier part of this period, Shandong was ruled as part of [[Henan Circuit]], one of the [[circuit (political division)|circuits]] (a political division). Later on, China splintered into warlord factions, resulting in the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms]] period. Shandong was part of the Five Dynasties, all based in the north.

The [[Song dynasty]] reunified China in the late tenth century. The classic novel ''[[Water Margin]]'' was based on folk tales of outlaw bands active in Shandong during the Song dynasty. In 1996, the discovery of over two hundred buried Buddhist statues at Qingzhou was hailed as a major [[archaeology|archaeological]] find. The statues included early examples of painted figures and are thought to have been buried due to [[Emperor Huizong of Song China|Emperor Huizong]]'s repression of [[Buddhism]] (he favored [[Taoism]]).

The Song dynasty was forced to cede northern China to the [[Jurchen Jin dynasty]] in 1142. Shandong was administered by Jin as [[Shandong East Circuit]] and [[Shandong West Circuit]]&nbsp;– the first use of its current name.