Editing Sexual orientation (section)

=== Gender, transgender, cisgender, and conformance ===
{{Original research section|date=August 2021}}[[File:Kathoy1649.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Kathoey|Katheoys]] in Thailand]]
The earliest writers on sexual orientation usually understood it to be intrinsically linked to the subject's own sex. For example, it was thought that a typical female-bodied person who is attracted to female-bodied persons would have masculine attributes, and vice versa.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Minton HL |title=Femininity in men and masculinity in women: American psychiatry and psychology portray homosexuality in the 1930s |journal=[[Journal of Homosexuality]] |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=1–21 |year=1986 |pmid=3534080 |doi=10.1300/J082v13n01_01}}<br />Terry, J. (1999). ''An American obsession: Science, medicine, and homosexuality in modern society.'' Chicago: University of Chicago Press</ref> This understanding was shared by most of the significant theorists of sexual orientation from the mid nineteenth to early twentieth century, such as [[Karl Heinrich Ulrichs]], [[Richard von Krafft-Ebing]], [[Magnus Hirschfeld]], [[Havelock Ellis]], [[Carl Jung]], and [[Sigmund Freud]], as well as many gender-variant homosexual people themselves. However, this understanding of homosexuality as sexual inversion was disputed at the time, and, through the second half of the twentieth century, [[gender identity]] came to be increasingly seen as a phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation. [[Transgender]] and [[cisgender]] people may be attracted to men, women, or both, although the prevalence of different sexual orientations is quite different in these two populations. An individual homosexual, heterosexual, or bisexual person may be masculine, feminine, or [[Androgyny|androgynous]]. Nevertheless, an analysis by [[J. Michael Bailey]] and [[Kenneth Zucker]] found a majority of the gay men and lesbians [[Sample (statistics)|sampled]] in multiple studies reported "substantially more" cross-sex-typed behavior in childhood than heterosexual subjects.<ref>{{cite journal |author=[[J. Michael Bailey|Bailey JM]], Zucker KJ |title=Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation: a conceptual analysis and quantitative review |journal=Developmental Psychology |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=43–55 |year=1995 |doi=10.1037/0012-1649.31.1.43 |s2cid=28174284 |url=https://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/JMichael-Bailey/Publications/Bailey%20&%20Zucker,%201995.pdf |access-date=2022-08-05 |archive-date=2022-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123000118/https://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/JMichael-Bailey/Publications/Bailey%20&%20Zucker,%201995.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sexual orientation sees greater intricacy when non-binary understandings of both [[sex]] and [[gender]] are considered. Sociologist [[Paula Rodriguez Rust]] (2000) argues for a more multifaceted definition of sexual orientation:

{{quotation|Most alternative models of sexuality... define sexual orientation in terms of [[dichotomy|dichotomous]] biological sex or gender... Most theorists would not eliminate the reference to sex or gender, but instead advocate incorporating more complex nonbinary concepts of sex or gender, more complex relationships between sex, gender, and sexuality, and/or additional nongendered dimensions into models of sexuality.<ref>[[Paula Rodriguez Rust|Rodriguez Rust, Paula C.]] ''Bisexuality: A contemporary paradox for women'', Journal of Social Issues, vol. 56(2), Summer 2000, pp. 205–21. Special Issue: Women's sexualities: New perspectives on sexual orientation and gender. [https://docplayer.net/43268398-Bisexuality-a-contemporary-paradox-for-women.html Article online.] {{void|Fabrickator|comment|link to working archive of findarticles.com copy: https://web.archive.org/web/20070310220454/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0341/is_2_56/ai_66419862/pg_2 |date=2007-03-10}}<br />Also published in: Rodriguez Rust, Paula C. ''Bisexuality in the United States: A Social Science Reader''. Columbia University Press, 2000. {{ISBN|0-231-10227-5}}.</ref>}}