Editing Senegal (section)

=== Colonial era ===
{{Main|Senegambia (Dutch West India Company)|French conquest of Senegal}}
[[File:AMH-8133-KB Floor plan of the fort on Goeree.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Portuguese Empire]] was the first European power to colonize Senegal, beginning with the arrival of [[Dinis Dias]] in 1444 at [[Gorée|Gorée Island]] and ending in 1888, when the Portuguese gave [[Ziguinchor]] to the French.]]

In the mid-15th century, the Portuguese landed on the Senegal coastline, followed by traders representing other countries, including the French.<ref name="ross"/> Various European powers—Portugal, the Netherlands, and Great Britain—competed for trade in the area from the 15th century onward.

In 1677, France gained control of what had become a minor departure point in the [[Atlantic slave trade]]: the island of [[Gorée]] next to modern Dakar, used as a base to purchase slaves from the warring chiefdoms on the mainland.<ref name="h-net.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.h-net.org/~africa/threads/goree.html |title=Goree and the Atlantic Slave Trade |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223164258/http://www.h-net.org/~africa/threads/goree.html |archive-date=23 February 2017|url-status=dead |publisher=h-net.org |access-date=23 February 2017}}</ref><ref>''Les Guides Bleus: Afrique de l'Ouest'' (1958 ed.), p. 123.</ref>

European missionaries introduced Christianity to Senegal and the [[Casamance]] in the 19th century. It was only in the 1850s that the French began to expand onto the Senegalese mainland, after they abolished slavery and began promoting an [[Abolitionism in France|abolitionist]] doctrine,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohio.edu/chastain/rz/senegal.htm|author=Bruce Vandervort|date=25 October 2004|website=ohio.edu|title=Senegal in 1848|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327051002/https://www.ohio.edu/chastain/rz/senegal.htm|archive-date=27 March 2021|url-status=live|access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref> adding native kingdoms like the Waalo, Cayor, Baol, and Jolof. French colonists under Governor [[Louis Faidherbe]] progressively invaded and took over all the kingdoms, except the Serer Kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Sine|Sine]] and [[Kingdom of Saloum|Saloum]].<ref name=charles>Charles, Eunice A. '' Precolonial Senegal: the Jolof Kingdom, 1800–1890.'' African Studies Center, Boston University, 1977. p. 3</ref><ref>Klein, Martin A. ''Islam and Imperialism in Senegal: Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914,'' Edinburgh University Press (1968). p. X {{ISBN|0-8047-0621-2}}</ref>

[[File:Marchands d'esclaves de Gorée-Jacques Grasset de Saint-Sauveur mg 8526.jpg|thumb|upright|French slave traders in [[Gorée]], 18th century]]
[[Yoro Dyao]] was in command of the canton of Foss-Galodjina and was set over Wâlo (Ouâlo) by Louis Faidherbe,<ref name="Royal II">{{cite book |title=Journal of the African Society |date=1912 |publisher=MacMillan |location=Africa |edition=Volume 11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LUs8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA476|page=476}}</ref> where he served as a chief from 1861 to 1914.<ref name="Wolof">{{cite book |title=1851–1865 |publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries |page=167 |url=http://images.library.wisc.edu/AfricanStudies/EFacs/Fage01/reference/africanstudies.fage01.i0021.pdf |access-date=12 November 2018 |archive-date=19 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019101207/http://images.library.wisc.edu/AfricanStudies/EFacs/Fage01/reference/africanstudies.fage01.i0021.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Senegalese resistance to the French expansion was led in part by [[Lat-Dior]], [[Damel]] of Cayor, and [[Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof]] (the [[Maad a Sinig]], King of Sine), resulting in the famous [[Battle of Logandème]]―the battle in  which the Serer King of [[Kingdom of Sine|Sine]] went to war against the mighty [[French colonial empire]], where the French decided to take revenge against Sine following their humiliating defeat at [[the Battle of Djilor]]. The Battle of Logandème was the first battle on Senegambian soil where the French decided to employ cannonball.<ref>Diouf, Niokhobaye, "Chronique du royaume du Sine", Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972), p 725 (p 16)</ref><ref>Diouf, Cheikh, "Fiscalité et Domination Coloniale: l'exemple du Sine: 1859-1940", [[Université Cheikh Anta Diop]] de Dakar (2005)</ref><ref>Klein, Martin A., "Islam and Imperialism in Senegal, Sine-Saloum, 1847-1914." [[Edinburgh University Press]], pp 55-59, {{ISBN|0-85224-029-5}}</ref><ref>Le Quotidien (Senegal), "La communauté sérère face à la Commission nationale chargée de la rédaction de l’histoire du Sénégal." (18 September 2019), by Mahawa Sémou Diouf</ref>

In 1915, over 300 Senegalese came under Australian command, ahead of the [[Capture of Damascus (1918)|taking of Damascus]] by Australians, before the expected arrival of the famed [[Lawrence of Arabia]]. French and British diplomacy in the area were thrown into disarray.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

The [[Battle of Dakar]] (23–25 September 1940) was an unsuccessful attempt by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] to capture the strategic port and overthrow the pro-German [[Vichy French]] administration in the colony.<ref>Smith, Colin (2010). ''England's Last War Against France: Fighting Vichy 1940-1942''. London: Phoenix.</ref>

On 25 November 1958, Senegal became an autonomous republic within the [[French Community]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/15/travel/senegal.html|date=15 July 2004|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Senegal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327062010/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/15/travel/senegal.html|archive-date=27 March 2021|url-status=live|access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref>