Editing Science fiction (section)

===Film===
{{Main|Science fiction film|Lists of science fiction films}}
[[File:Maria from the film Metropolis, on display at the Robot Hall of Fame.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|The [[Maschinenmensch]] from ''[[Metropolis (1927 film)|Metropolis]]'']]

The first, or at least one of the first, recorded science fiction [[film]] is 1902's ''[[A Trip to the Moon]]'', directed by [[French people|French]] [[filmmaker]] [[Georges Méliès]].<ref name=Dixon12>{{citation|last1=Dixon|first1=Wheeler Winston|last2=Foster|first2=Gwendolyn Audrey|title=A Short History of Film|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FP9w48VwwVUC&pg=PA12|year=2008|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-4475-5|page=12|access-date=19 December 2017|archive-date=22 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322195116/https://books.google.com/books?id=FP9w48VwwVUC&pg=PA12|url-status=live}}</ref> It was influential on later [[Filmmaking|filmmakers]], bringing a different kind of [[creativity]] and [[fantasy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://moviessilently.com/2015/03/29/a-trip-to-the-moon-1902-a-silent-film-review/|title=A Trip to the Moon (1902) A Silent Film Review|last=Kramer|first=Fritzi|date=29 March 2015|website=Movies Silently|language=en|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330070347/http://moviessilently.com/2015/03/29/a-trip-to-the-moon-1902-a-silent-film-review/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/a-trip-to-the-moon-as-youve-never-seen-it-before-68360402/|title=A Trip to the Moon as You've Never Seen it Before|last=Eagan|first=Daniel|website=Smithsonian|language=en|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330070344/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/a-trip-to-the-moon-as-youve-never-seen-it-before-68360402/|url-status=live}}</ref> Méliès's innovative [[editing]] and [[special effect]]s techniques were widely imitated and became important elements of the cinematic [[Media (communication)|medium]].<ref name=1001Movies>{{citation|last=Schneider|first=Steven Jay|title=1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die 2012|date=1 October 2012|publisher=Octopus Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-84403-733-9|page=20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FP9w48VwwVUC&pg=PA13|title=A Short History of Film|last1=Dixon|first1=Wheeler Winston|last2=Foster|first2=Gwendolyn Audrey|date=1 March 2008|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-4475-5|language=en|access-date=28 October 2020|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415235100/https://books.google.com/books?id=FP9w48VwwVUC&pg=PA13|url-status=live}}</ref>

1927's ''[[Metropolis (1927 film)|Metropolis]]'', directed by [[Fritz Lang]], is the first [[feature-length]] science fiction film.<ref>[http://www.scififilmhistory.com/index.php?pageID=metro SciFi Film History – Metropolis (1927)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010074916/http://www.scififilmhistory.com/index.php?pageID=metro |date=10 October 2017 }} – ''Though most agree that the first science fiction film was Georges Méliès' A Trip to the Moon (1902), Metropolis (1926) is the first feature length outing of the genre.'' (scififilmhistory.com, retrieved 15 May 2013)</ref> Though not well received in its time,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/25817|title=Metropolis|website=Turner Classic Movies|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-date=16 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316012144/http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/25817%7C0/Metropolis.html|url-status=live}}</ref> it is now considered a great and influential film.<ref>{{cite web|title =The 100 Best Films of World Cinema|url = https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/100-greatest-world-cinema-films/ | publisher=empireonline.com |access-date =17 February 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151123004145/http://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/100-greatest-world-cinema-films/ |archive-date=23 November 2015|date = 11 June 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title =The Top 100 Silent Era Films|url = http://www.silentera.com/info/top100.html | publisher=silentera.com |access-date =17 February 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20000823024001/http://www.silentera.com/info/top100.html |archive-date=23 August 2000}}</ref><ref name="bfi">{{cite web| url= http://www.bfi.org.uk/news/50-greatest-films-all-time| title= The Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time| date= 1 August 2012| work= [[Sight & Sound]] September 2012 issue| publisher= [[British Film Institute]]| access-date= 19 December 2012| archive-date= 1 March 2017| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170301135739/http://www.bfi.org.uk/news/50-greatest-films-all-time}}</ref> 

In 1954, ''[[Godzilla (1954 film)|Godzilla]]'', directed by [[Ishirō Honda]], began the [[kaiju]] [[subgenre]] of science fiction film, which feature large creatures of any form, usually attacking a [[major city]] or engaging other [[monster]]s in [[battle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E6%80%AA%E7%8D%A3|title=Introduction to Kaiju [in Japanese]|publisher=dic-pixiv|access-date=9 March 2017|archive-date=18 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218180925/http://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E6%80%AA%E7%8D%A3|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110007480367|title=A Study of Chinese monster culture – Mysterious animals that proliferates in present age media [in Japanese]|journal=北海学園大学学園論集|volume=141|pages=91–121|publisher=Hokkai-Gakuen University|date=September 2009|access-date=9 March 2017|last1=中根|first1=研一|archive-date=12 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312035449/http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110007480367|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
1968's ''[[2001: A Space Odyssey (film)|2001: A Space Odyssey]]'', directed by [[Stanley Kubrick]] and based on the work of [[Arthur C. Clarke]], rose above the mostly [[B-movie]] offerings up to that time both in scope and quality, and influenced later science fiction films.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kazan |first=Casey |url=http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2009/07/ridley-scott-science-fiction-is-dead.html |title=Ridley Scott: "After 2001 -A Space Odyssey, Science Fiction is Dead" |publisher=Dailygalaxy.com |date=10 July 2009 |access-date= 22 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321121445/http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2009/07/ridley-scott-science-fiction-is-dead.html |archive-date= 21 March 2011 }}</ref><ref>In ''Focus on the Science Fiction Film'', edited by William Johnson. Englewood Cliff, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972.</ref><ref>{{cite web|first = George D.|last = DeMet|url = http://www.palantir.net/2001/meanings/essay09.html|title = 2001: A Space Odyssey Internet Resource Archive: The Search for Meaning in 2001|work = Palantir.net (originally an undergrad honors thesis)|access-date = 22 August 2010|archive-date = 26 April 2011|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110426050647/http://www.palantir.net/2001/meanings/essay09.html|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/sciencenotfiction/2009/04/02/this-day-in-science-fiction-history-2001-a-space-odyssey/ |title=This Day in Science Fiction History&nbsp;– 2001: A Space Odyssey |website=Discover Magazine |date=2 April 2009 |first=Stephen |last=Cass |access-date=19 December 2017 |archive-date=28 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328142257/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/sciencenotfiction/2009/04/02/this-day-in-science-fiction-history-2001-a-space-odyssey/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 

That same year, ''[[Planet of the Apes (1968 film)|Planet of the Apes]]'' (the original), directed by [[Franklin J. Schaffner]] and based on the 1963 [[French people|French]] [[novel]] ''[[Planet of the Apes (novel)|La Planète des Singes]]'' by [[Pierre Boulle]], was released to popular and critical acclaim, its vivid depiction of a [[Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction|post-apocalyptic world]] in which intelligent [[ape]]s dominate [[human]]s.<ref>Russo, Joe; Landsman, Larry; Gross, Edward (2001). Planet of the Apes Revisited: The Behind-The Scenes Story of the Classic Science Fiction Saga (1st ed.). New York: Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Griffin. {{ISBN|0-312-25239-0}}.</ref>

In 1977, [[George Lucas]] began the [[Star Wars|''Star Wars'' film series]] with the film now identified as "''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope]].''"<ref>{{Citation|title=Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope (1977) – IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076759/faq|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-date=9 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409004826/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076759/faq|url-status=live}}</ref> The series, often called a [[space opera]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/04/24/the-best-space-operas-that-arent-star-wars|title=The Best Space Operas (That Aren't Star Wars)|last=Bibbiani|first=William|date=24 April 2018|website=IGN|language=en-US|access-date=5 April 2019|archive-date=13 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813213353/https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/04/24/the-best-space-operas-that-arent-star-wars|url-status=live}}</ref> went on to become a worldwide [[popular culture]] [[Cultural impact of Star Wars|phenomenon]],<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/series/StarWars.php | title = Star Wars – Box Office History | publisher = The Numbers | access-date = 17 June 2010 | archive-date = 22 August 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130822054739/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/franchise/Star-Wars | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lucasfilm.com/productions/episode-iv/|title=Star Wars Episode 4: A New Hope {{!}} Lucasfilm.com|website=Lucasfilm|language=en-US|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330072220/https://www.lucasfilm.com/productions/episode-iv/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[List of highest-grossing franchises and film series|third-highest-grossing film series]] of all time.<ref name="boxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/?view=Franchise&sort=sumgross&order=DESC&p=.htm|title=Movie Franchises and Brands Index|website=www.boxofficemojo.com|access-date=30 March 2019|archive-date=20 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720054339/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/?view=Franchise&sort=sumgross&order=DESC&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Since the 1980s, [[science fiction film]]s, along with [[fantasy]], [[horror film|horror]], and [[superhero]] films, have dominated [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood's]] big-budget productions.<ref>
Escape Velocity: American Science Fiction Film, 1950–1982, Bradley Schauer, Wesleyan University Press, 3 January 2017, page 7</ref><ref name="boxofficemojo.com" /> Science fiction films often "[[Cross-genre|cross-over]]" with other genres, including [[film noir]] (''[[Blade Runner]]'' - 1982), [[Children's film|family film]] (''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'' - 1982), [[war film]] (''[[Enemy Mine (film)|Enemy Mine]]'' - 1985), [[comedy]] (''[[Spaceballs]] - 1987, ''[[Galaxy Quest]] - 1999), [[animation]] ''([[WALL-E]]'' – 2008, ''[[Big Hero 6 (film)|Big Hero 6]]'' – 2014), [[Western (genre)|Western]] (''[[Serenity (2005 film)|Serenity]]'' – 2005), [[Action film|action]] (''[[Edge of Tomorrow]]'' – 2014, ''[[The Matrix]]'' – 1999), [[Adventure film|adventure]] (''[[Jupiter Ascending]]'' – 2015, ''[[Interstellar (film)|Interstellar]]'' – 2014), [[Mystery film|mystery]] (''[[Minority Report (film)|Minority Report]]'' – 2002), [[Thriller film|thriller]] (''[[Ex Machina (film)|Ex Machina]]'' – 2014), [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] (''[[Melancholia (2011 film)|Melancholia]]'' – 2011, ''[[Predestination (film)|Predestination]]'' – 2014), and [[Romance film|romance]] (''[[Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind]]'' – 2004, ''[[Her (2013 film)|Her]]'' – 2013).<ref name="JohnsonSFF">Science Fiction Film: A Critical Introduction, Keith M. Johnston, Berg, 9 May 2013, pages 24–25. Some of the examples are given by this book.</ref>