Editing Saxifragales (section)

=== Phylogeny ===

The [[Order (biology)|order]] Saxifragales has undergone considerable revision in both placement and composition, since the use of [[molecular phylogenetics]], and the use of the modern [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] (APG) classification.{{sfn|APG IV|2016}}{{sfn|Cole et al|2019}} They are identified as a strongly [[monophyletic]] group.{{sfn|Kubitzki|2007a}}

In the initial APG publication (1998), the Saxifragales were identified within the [[core eudicots]] [[clade]] but its relationship to other clades was uncertain. The core eudicots consist of the order [[Gunnerales]] and a large clade of [[Pentapetalae]] (so named for having a [[synapomorphy]] of [[pentamerous]] (5 part) perianths), the latter representing about 70% of all angiosperms, with eight major lineages.{{sfn|Moore et al|2010}}{{sfn|Zeng et al|2017}} Later (2003), the order was described as "one of the major surprises of molecular phylogenetic analyses of the angiosperms", having elements previously placed in three or four separate subclasses based on morphology.{{sfn|APG II|2003}}{{sfn|Soltis et al|2013}} This was eventually resolved in the third APG system (2009), placing Saxifragales as a [[sister group]] to the [[rosids]] (Rosidae), within the Pentapetalae clade.{{sfn|Burleigh et al|2009}}{{sfn|Wang et al|2009}}{{sfn|APG III|2009}} This large combination has subsequently been given the name [[superrosids]] (Superrosidae), representing part of an early diversification of the [[angiosperms]].{{sfn|Soltis et al|2013}}{{sfn|APG IV|2016}}{{sfn|Soltis et al|2018}} Among the rosids, they share a number of similarities with the [[Rosales]], particularly [[Rosaceae]], including a hypanthium, five part flowers and free floral parts.{{sfn|Byng|2014}} As circumscribed, Saxifragales account for 1.3% of eudicot diversity.{{sfn|Stevens|2019}}

{{cladogram
| title=Cladogram of Saxifragales relationships among core eudicots{{sfn|APG IV|2016}}{{sfn|Cole et al|2019}}{{sfn|Tank et al|2015}}
| caption=Numbers indicate [[Divergence time estimation|divergence times]] in Myr
| align=left
| cladogram=
{{clade
|style="text-align:left; padding:2.5px; background:#eef"; width:500px;
| sublabel1=130
| label1=[[Core eudicots]]
| 1={{clade
   |sublabel1=126
   |1=[[Gunnerales]]
   |sublabel2=128
   |label2=[[Pentapetalae]]
   |2={{clade
     |label1=
     |1=[[superasterids]]
     |2={{clade
      |sublabel1=125
      |1=[[Dilleniales]]
      |sublabel2=124
      |label2=[[superrosids]]
      |2={{clade
         |sublabel1=116
         |1=[[rosids]]
         |sublabel2=108
         |2='''Saxifragales'''
         }}
        }}
    }}
}}
}}
}}
{{Clear}}