Editing San Remo conference (section)

==Agreements reached==
Asserting that not all parts of the Middle East were ready for full independence, mandates were established for the government of three territories: Syria, Mesopotamia and Palestine. In each case, one of the Allied Powers was assigned to implement the mandate until the territories in question could "stand alone." Great Britain and France agreed to recognize the provisional independence of Syria and Mesopotamia, while claiming mandates for their administration. Palestine was included within the Ottoman administrative districts of the [[Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem]] together with the [[Sanjak of Nablus]] and [[Sanjak of Acre|Sanjak of Akka (Acre)]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Büssow |first=Johann |title= Hamidian Palestine: Politics and Society in the District of Jerusalem 1872–1908 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=crPPX99rjYUC&pg=PA5 |access-date=2013-05-17 |date=2011-08-11 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-20569-7 |page=5}}</ref><ref>The 1915 ''Filastin Risalesi'' ("Palestine Document") is a country survey of the [[VIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)|VIII Corps]] of the Ottoman Army, which identified Palestine as a region including the sanjaqs of Akka (the Galilee), the Sanjaq of Nablus, and the Sanjaq of Jerusalem (Kudus Sherif), see [http://www.palestine-studies.org/sites/default/files/jq-articles/48_Shifting_Ottoman_2.pdf Ottoman Conceptions of Palestine-Part 2: Ethnography and Cartography, Salim Tamari]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/3.jpg?OpenImageResource|title=Annex III – Ottoman Administrative Districts – Map|publisher = UN|date = 1915}}</ref>

The decisions of the San Remo conference confirmed the mandate allocations of the Conference of London. The San Remo Resolution adopted on 25 April 1920 incorporated the [[Balfour Declaration]] of 1917. It and Article 22 of the [[Covenant of the League of Nations]] were the basic documents upon which the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate for Palestine]] was constructed. Under the Balfour Declaration, the British government had undertaken to favour the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine without prejudice to the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.<ref>The two-fold aims of the Mandate granted to Britain were reflected in the final text of Palestine Mandate granted to Britain by the League of Nations in 1922 [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Palestine_Mandate_(1922)]. 
It preamble stated that the purpose of the Mandate was both "giving effect to the provisions of Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations" and "putting into effect the declaration issued by the British govenemnt on November 2, 1917" (i.e. the [[Balfour Declaration]]". Article 2 stated that "The Mandatory shall be responsible for placing the country under such political, administrative and economic conditions as will secure the establishment of the Jewish national home" but also "the development of self-governing institutions, and also for safeguarding the civil and religious rights of all the inhabitants of Palestine, irrespective of race and religion".</ref> Article 22, para.4 of the Covenant, classified certain populations as "communities formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire" as having "reached a stage of development where their existence as [an] independent nation can be provisionally recognized" (the [[League_of_Nations_mandate#Class_A_mandates|Class A mandates]] under the League of Nations), and tasked the mandatory with rendering to those territories "administrative advice and assistance until such time as they are able to stand alone"<ref name="Lorca2014">{{cite book|author=Arnulf Becker Lorca|title=Mestizo International Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yZaiBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA296|year=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-76338-7|pages=296–}}</ref><ref name="Evans2010">{{cite book|author=Malcolm Evans|title=International Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWecAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA214|date=24 June 2010|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-956566-5|pages=214–}}</ref>
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Britain received the mandate for Palestine and [[Iraq]]; France gained control of Syria, including present-day Lebanon. Following the [[1918 Clemenceau–Lloyd George Agreement (Middle East)|1918 Clemenceau–Lloyd George Agreement]], Britain and France also signed the [[San Remo Oil Agreement]], whereby Britain granted France a 25 percent share of the oil production from Mosul, with the remainder going to Britain<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71sMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA329|title=The Journal of International Relations|first1=George Hubbard|last1=Blakeslee|first2=Granville Stanley|last2=Hall|first3=Harry Elmer|last3=Barnes|date=24 April 1921|publisher=Clark University|via=Google Books}}</ref> and France undertook to deliver oil to the Mediterranean. The draft peace agreement with Turkey signed at the conference became the basis for the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres. Germany was called upon to carry out its military and reparation obligations under the Versailles Treaty, and a resolution was adopted in favor of restoring trade with Russia.<ref name="HDEI" />

Whilst Syria and Mesopotamia were provisionally recognized as states which would be given Mandatory assistance, Palestine would instead be administered by the Mandatory under an obligation to implement the [[Balfour Declaration]] and Article 22 of the [[Covenant of the League of Nations]]. 

[[File:Minutes_of_the_1920_Conference_of_San_Remo.pdf|thumb|page=11|The resolution per the conference minutes, 25 April 1920]]