Editing San Mateo, California (section)

=== Post-Conquest era ===
In the 1850s, following the American [[Conquest of California]], many San Franciscans began building summer homes in the mid-Peninsula, because of the milder climate.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gullard|first1=Pamela|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbE6AQAAIAAJ&q=San+Franciscans+began+building+summer+homes+in+the+Peninsula.|title=Under the Oaks: Two Hundred Years in Atherton|last2=Lund|first2=Nancy|date=2009|publisher=Scottwall Associates, Publishers|isbn=978-0-942087-20-8|page=9|language=en}}</ref> The area that is now the city of San Mateo was owned by a few large landowners, including Howard, whose Rancho San Mateo occupied {{cvt|6438|acre}} in 1853<ref name=Stanger-63/>{{rp|93}}<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofsanmate00sanf/page/212/mode/2up |title=History of San Mateo County, California |publisher=B. F. Alley |date=1883 |location=San Francisco |access-date=3 June 2024 |page=213}}</ref> north of [[San Mateo Creek (San Francisco Bay Area)|San Mateo Creek]],<ref name=Hynding-82>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/fromfrontiertosu0000unse/page/92/mode/2up |title=From frontier to suburb: the story of the San Mateo Peninsula |first=Alan |last=Hynding |url-access=registration |date=1982 |publisher=Star Publishing Company |location=Belmont, California}}</ref>{{rp|92}} pushing most of this early settlement into adjacent [[Hillsborough, California|Hillsborough]], [[Burlingame, California|Burlingame]], and [[Belmont, California|Belmont]]; other significant landowners in the area included John Parrott, who purchased {{cvt|500|acre}} in 1860<ref name=Alexander-16/>{{rp|51}} south of the creek and southwest of [[California State Route 82|El Camino Real]] and Alvinza Hayward, who owned the land south of the creek and east of El Camino.<ref name=Hynding-82/>{{rp|92–93}} Much of the remaining land south of these areas was used for agriculture until the early 1900s; the owners included John Whipple, who had a large horse farm south of Parrott's land, Lemuel Murray, J.S. Colegrove, and David McClellan.<ref name=Hynding-82/>{{rp|93–94}}

In 1858, Sun Water Station, a stage station of the [[Butterfield Overland Mail]] route, was established in San Mateo. It was {{convert|9|mi|km}} from both Clarks Station (to the north) in what is now [[San Bruno]] and the next station south at [[Redwood City]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/butterfieldoverl00wate |url-access=registration |first1=Waterman L. |last1=Ormsby |first2=Lyle H. |last2=Wright |first3=Josephine M. |last3=Bynum |title=The Butterfield Overland Mail: Only Through Passenger on the First Westbound Stage |publisher=Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery |date=1942 |location=San Marino, California |pages=92–93}}</ref>

Several historically important mansions and buildings were constructed in San Mateo around this time.<ref name=Stanger-63/>{{rp|95;100}} [[Amadeo Giannini|A.P. Giannini]], founder of the [[Bank of Italy (USA)|Bank of Italy]] (which later became the [[Bank of America]]), lived here most of his life. His mansion, Seven Oaks, is listed in the [[National Register of Historic Places]] (No. 99001181).<ref>{{cite web|title=National Register #99001181: Seven Oaks in San Mateo, California|url=https://noehill.com/sanmateo/nat1999001181.asp|access-date=December 28, 2020|website=noehill.com}}</ref> Located at 20 El Cerrito Avenue, it has been deteriorating as it has not been preserved or occupied for years.<ref>{{cite web|last=Buchanan|first=Paul D.|date=July 13, 2017|title=Future of historical Giannini home is uncertain|url=https://www.smdailyjournal.com/news/local/future-of-historical-giannini-home-is-uncertain/article_862bc13e-6b2e-5e8e-bee3-c989d88e343c.html|access-date=December 28, 2020|website=San Mateo Daily Journal|language=en|publication-date=September 25, 2000}}</ref>

[[File:St. Matthew’s Military School, located in what is today Hillsborough, was at the end of Barroilhet Avenue, on approximately 80 acres..jpg|thumb|left|[[Saint Matthew's Episcopal Day School]], founded in 1865]]

The Howard Estate was built in 1859 on the hill accessed by Crystal Springs Road; the building, named ''El Cerrito'', eventually was moved to Hillsborough and served as its Town Hall starting from in 1910, but it has since been demolished.<ref name=Stanger-63/>{{rp|93}}<ref name=Alexander-16/>{{rp|44}} The Parrott Estate was erected in 1860 in the same area,<ref name=Stanger-63/>{{rp|106}} giving rise to two conflicting names for the hill, Howard Hill and Parrot Hill. After use of the automobile changed traffic patterns, neither historic name was commonly applied to that hill. Once San Mateo was incorporated on September 4, 1894,<ref name=Alexander-16>{{cite book |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011725171 |title=History of San Mateo County from the earliest times |first1=Philip W. |last1=Alexander |first2=Charles P. |last2=Hamm |date=1916 |publisher=Burlingame Publishing Co. |location=Burlingame, California |access-date=3 June 2024}}</ref>{{rp|28}} its first mayor was Captain A.H. Payson, a son-in-law of Parrott.<ref name=Stanger-63/>{{rp|106}}

When the [[San Francisco and San Jose Railroad]] was under construction during the 1860s, one of its corporate directors, Charles Polhemus, purchased the land south of the creek, now the site of downtown San Mateo, and began laying out the town;<ref name=Hynding-82/>{{rp|92}} the first town plat was laid out in 1862.<ref name=Stanger-63/>{{rp|100}} Polhemus settled on the land which is now [[Central Park (San Mateo)|Central Park]] and one of the succeeding owners, [[William Kohl]], built the iron and stone fence which still encloses the park.<ref name=Stanger-63/>{{rp|106}}

The Borel Estate was developed near Borel Creek in 1874 by [[Antoine Borel]]. It has been redeveloped since the late 20th century for use as modern offices and shops.<ref name=BorelPlace>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/redwood-city-tribune/128854163/ |title=Borel Estate Office Project Begins |date=September 7, 1962 |newspaper=Redwood City Tribune |access-date=15 May 2024}}</ref> The property is managed and owned by Borel Place Associates and the Borel Estate Company.{{Citation needed|date=September 2014}}

[[File:USA-San Mateo-First Church of Christ, Scientist-1.jpg|thumb|left|First Church of Christ, Scientist, established in 1897]]

Hayward Park, the 1880 [[Queen Anne Style architecture (United States)|American Queen Anne-style]] residence of [[Alvinza Hayward]] (often said to be "California's first millionaire" from his silver and banking fortunes), was built on an {{convert|800|acre|km2|adj=on}} estate in San Mateo which included a deer park and racetrack, roughly bounded by present-day El Camino Real (on the west), 9th Avenue (on the north), B Street (on the east) and 16th Avenue (on the south).<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.cityofsanmateo.org/DocumentCenter/View/39689 |title=Historical Resource Evaluation Report: 25 – 31 9th Street, San Mateo, CA |author=architecture + history llc |date=October 5, 2012 |publisher=City of San Mateo Community Development Department |access-date=March 23, 2015 |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155129/http://www.cityofsanmateo.org/DocumentCenter/View/39689 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A smaller portion of the property and the mansion, was converted into The Peninsula Hotel in 1908, following Hayward's death in 1904. The hotel burned down in a spectacular fire on June 25, 1920.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archives.smdailyjournal.com/article_preview.php?id=87861 |title=San Mateo's Peninsula Hotel |author=Fredricks, Darold |date=February 25, 2008 |newspaper=San Mateo Daily Journal |access-date=March 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091628/http://archives.smdailyjournal.com/article_preview.php?id=87861 |archive-date=April 2, 2015  }}</ref>

William H. Howard, eldest son of W.D.M. Howard, is credited with the first subdivisions in the region, resulting in what is now the Western Addition of San Mateo in 1888; he followed up by creating the first subdivision of Burlingame and Highland Park in San Mateo.<ref name=Alexander-16/>{{rp|53}}