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===Founding: 1858β1870=== [[File:Salina, Kansas, September, 1867, 185 miles west of Missouri River. (Boston Public Library) (cropped).jpg|thumb |Salina, 1867, by [[Alexander Gardner (photographer)|Alexander Gardner]], from months-old [[Kansas Pacific Railway]] tracks, with Indian Rock behind and to the right.]] The defeat of the aggressive [[High Plains (United States)|High Plains]] tribes had enabled the safe return of attempted settlers. In April 1858, journalist and lawyer William A. Phillips from Lawrence led the founding of Salina, accompanied by settlers David Phillips, Alexander M. Campbell Sr. (husband of Christina), A.C. Spillman, and James Muir. They were all Scotch Presbyterians, and all but Muir were related. From a west riverbank dugout at what is now Riverside Park, they camped and designed the first building. It was a two-story dwelling and Campbell's store, at what is now the southwest corner of 5th St and Iron Ave near Founders Park. Constant tribal attacks required a wagon circle around the first water well one block west. The Campbells had the first surviving settler birth in the area, also named Christina.<ref name="Founded"/><ref name= HallowedGround /> That month, and still predating the 1861 statehood of Kansas, they chartered the Salina Town Company with the [[Kansas Legislature|Kansas territory legislature]]. During the following year, they organized the surrounding area as [[Saline County, Kansas|Saline County]], and named Salina the [[county seat]].<ref name="Founded">{{cite web | title=History | publisher=City of Salina | url=https://www.salina-ks.gov/content/18394/18526/20322/default.aspx | access-date=April 7, 2022}}</ref><ref name= HallowedGround /><ref name=City/> The westernmost town on the [[Smoky Hill Trail]], Salina established itself as a [[trading post]] for westbound immigrants, [[Prospecting|gold prospector]]s bound for [[Pikes Peak]], and area [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] tribes.<ref name="Founded"/> The town's growth halted with the outbreak of the [[American Civil War]] when much of the male population left to join the [[Union Army]].<ref name=Blackmar1/> In 1862, residents fended off Indian raiders and suffered a second assault by [[bushwhackers]].<ref name=Blackmar1/> In May and June 1864, the [[Salina Stockade]] was built to protect the town against further Indian raids.{{citation needed span|date=April 2022 | text=Union troops were garrisoned in Salina until March 1865, and some may have returned in June 1865.}} The building inside the stockade was remodeled and in September 1864 was opened as Salina's first public school. The school term ran until March 1865. The use of the building probably continued until at least June 1865.<ref>{{cite book | first=Ruby P. | last=Bramwell | title=City on the Move: The Story of Salina | location=Salina | publisher=Survey Press | date=1969 | page=61}}</ref><ref>Morrison, pp. 3-4.</ref> [[File:Stouffer's Railroad Map of Kansas 1915-1918 Saline County.png|thumb|1915 railroad map of [[Saline County, Kansas|Saline County]]]] Growth resumed with returning war veterans, and the town expanded rapidly with the arrival of the [[Kansas Pacific Railway]] in 1867. The construction of the railroad through Salina to Denver was a violation of treaty promises of Indian hunting grounds west of Salina, and [[Dog Soldiers]] began raiding the construction parties between Salina and Fort Wallace.<ref>{{cite book |author= Collins |title= Kansas Pacific |page= 13 |quote= [After Fort Hays, it] would then enter the country of three nomadic Indian tribes: the Cheyenne, Arapahoe and Kiowa. ... mile and a half per day. ... Then the Indian raids began. }}</ref> The following U.S. military action removed Indians from western Kansas by 1868.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} Salina [[municipal corporation|incorporated]] as a city in 1870.<ref name=Blackmar1>{{Cite book|contribution=Salina|title=Kansas: a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc.|editor-last=Blackmar|editor-first=Frank W.|volume=2|pages=634β635|place=[[Chicago]]|publisher=Standard|year=1912|contribution-url=http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1912/s/salina.html}}</ref><ref name=Blackmar2>{{Cite book|contribution=Saline County|title=Kansas: a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc.|editor-last=Blackmar|editor-first=Frank W.|volume=2|pages=635β639|place=Chicago|publisher=Standard|year=1912|contribution-url=http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1912/s/saline_county.html}}</ref>
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