Editing Sakhalin (section)

====Yuan and Ming tributaries====
{{main|Mongol invasions of Sakhalin}}
After the [[Mongols]] [[Mongol conquest of Jin China|conquered the Jin dynasty (1234)]], they suffered raids by the [[Nivkh people|Nivkh]] and [[Udege people]]s. In response, the Mongols established an administration post at Nurgan (present-day [[Tyr, Russia]]) at the junction of the [[Amur]] and [[Amgun River|Amgun]] rivers in 1263, and forced the submission of the two peoples.{{sfnm|Nakamura|2010|1p=415|Stephan|1971|2p=21}}

From the Nivkh perspective, their surrender to the Mongols essentially established a military alliance against the Ainu who had invaded their lands.{{sfn|Zgusta|2015|p= 96}} According to the ''[[History of Yuan]]'', a group of people known as the ''Guwei'' ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t=骨嵬|p=Gǔwéi}}, the Nivkh name for Ainu) from Sakhalin invaded and fought with the Jilimi (Nivkh people) every year. On 30 November 1264, the Mongols attacked the Ainu.{{sfn|Nakamura|2010|p= 415}} The Ainu resisted the Mongol invasions but by 1308 had been subdued. They paid tribute to the Mongol [[Yuan dynasty]] at posts in Wuliehe, Nanghar, and Boluohe.{{sfn|Walker|2006|p=133}}

The Chinese [[Ming dynasty]] (1368–1644) placed Sakhalin under its "system for subjugated peoples" (''ximin tizhi''). From 1409 to 1411 the Ming established an outpost called the [[Nurgan Regional Military Commission]] near the ruins of [[Tyr, Russia|Tyr]] on the Siberian mainland, which continued operating until the mid-1430s. There is some evidence that the Ming eunuch Admiral [[Yishiha]] reached Sakhalin in 1413 during one of his expeditions to the lower Amur, and granted Ming titles to a local chieftain.<ref name=tsai>{{cite book |title= Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle |last= Tsai |first= Shih-Shan Henry |year= 2002 |orig-year= 2001 |publisher= University of Washington Press |location=Seattle, Wash |isbn= 0-295-98124-5 |pages=158–161 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=aU5hBMxNgWQC&pg=PA159 |access-date=June 16, 2010}} Link is to partial text.</ref>

The Ming recruited headmen from Sakhalin for administrative posts such as commander ({{lang-zh|labels=no|p=zhǐhuīshǐ|c=指揮使}}), assistant commander ({{lang-zh|labels=no|p=zhǐhuī qiānshì|t=指揮僉事}}), and "official charged with subjugation" ({{lang-zh|labels=no|p=wèizhènfǔ|t=衛鎮撫}}). In 1431, one such assistant commander, Alige, brought [[marten]] pelts as tribute to the Wuliehe post. In 1437, four other assistant commanders (Zhaluha, Sanchiha, Tuolingha, and Alingge) also presented tribute. According to the ''[[Ming Veritable Records]]'', these posts, like the position of headman, were hereditary and passed down the patrilineal line. During these tributary missions, the headmen would bring their sons, who later inherited their titles. In return for tribute, the Ming awarded them with silk uniforms.{{sfn|Walker|2006|p=133}}

[[Nivkh people|Nivkh]] women in Sakhalin married Han Chinese Ming officials when the Ming took tribute from Sakhalin and the Amur river region.<ref>([https://books.google.com/books?id=FmW8MwEACAAJ&q=%E2%80%98Natives+of+the+Lower+Reaches+of+the+Amur+River%E2%80%99 Sei Wada], ‘[https://books.google.com/books?id=mWipQwAACAAJ&q=%E2%80%98Natives+of+the+Lower+Reaches+of+the+Amur+River%E2%80%99 The Natives of the Lower reaches of the Amur as Represented in Chinese Records]’, Memoirs of the Research Department of Toyo Bunko, no. 10, 1938, pp. 40‒102) (Shina no kisai ni arawaretaru Kokuryuko karyuiki no dojin 支那の記載に現はれたる黒龍江下流域の土人( The natives on the lower reaches of the Amur river as represented in Chinese records), Tõagaku 5, vol . 1, Sept. 1939.) Wada, ‘Natives of the Lower Reaches of the Amur River’, p. 82.</ref><ref name="apjjf.org"/>