Editing Sámi people (section)

===''Lapp''===
[[File:Laureus, Lappalaisia nuotiolla (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Aleksander Lauréus]]'s painting of the Sámi by the fire]]
The word ''Lapp'' can be traced to [[Old Swedish]] {{lang|non|lapper}}, Icelandic {{lang|is|lappir}} (plural) perhaps of Finnish origin;<ref name="Hellquist 1922">{{Cite book |last=Hellquist |first=Elof |url=https://runeberg.org/svetym/0485.html |title=Svensk etymologisk ordbok |date=1922 |publisher=C. W. K. Gleerups förlag |location=Lund |page=397 |language=sv |trans-title=Swedish Etymological Dictionary |access-date=16 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026103642/http://runeberg.org/svetym/0485.html |archive-date=26 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> compare Finnish {{lang|fi|lappalainen}} "Lapp", {{lang|fi|Lappi}} "Lapland" (possibly meaning "wilderness in the north"), the original meaning being unknown.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1939 |title=Lapp |url=https://www.saob.se/artikel/?unik=L_0225-0073.57q2&pz=3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516103145/https://www.saob.se/artikel/?unik=L_0225-0073.57q2&pz=3 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021 |website=[[Svenska Akademiens ordbok]] |language=sv}}</ref><ref name="Hellquist 1922" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=de Vries |first=Jan |title=Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |year=1962 |location=Leiden |pages=s.v. lappir |language=de |oclc=555216596}}</ref> It is unknown how the word ''Lapp'' came into the [[Old Norse|Norse language]], but one of the first written mentions of the term is in the {{lang|la|[[Gesta Danorum]]}} by the twelfth-century Danish historian {{lang|la|[[Saxo Grammaticus]]|italic=no}}, who referred to 'the two Lappias', although he still referred to the Sámi as {{lang|non|(Skrid-)Finn}}s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simms |first=Doug |title=The Early Period of Sámi History, from the Beginnings to the 16th Century |url=http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/dieda/hist/early.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231235005/http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/dieda/hist/early.htm |archive-date=31 December 2014 |access-date=11 January 2013 |website=Sami Culture |publisher=[[University of Texas at Austin]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Grammaticus |first=Saxo |author-link=Saxo Grammaticus |url=http://mcllibrary.org/DanishHistory/book5II.html |title=The Danish History: Book Five, Part II |editor-last=Killings |editor-first=Douglas B. |translator-last=Elton |translator-first=Oliver |access-date=5 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618103443/http://mcllibrary.org/DanishHistory/book5II.html |archive-date=18 June 2019}}</ref> In fact, Saxo never explicitly connects the Sámi with the "two Laplands". The term "Lapp" was popularized and became the standard terminology by the work of {{lang|la|[[Johannes Schefferus]]|italic=no}}, {{lang|la|[[Lapponia (book)|Lapponia]]}} (1673).

The Sámi are often known in other languages by the [[exonym]]s ''Lap'', ''Lapp'', or ''Laplanders'', although these are considered derogatory terms by some,<ref name="Paine57">{{Cite book |date=1957 |title=Coast Lapp society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1hlmAAAAIAAJ |url-status=live |publisher=[[Tromsø University Museum]] |volume=4 |page=3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420110446/https://books.google.com/books?id=1hlmAAAAIAAJ |archive-date=20 April 2023 |access-date=25 August 2020 |author-last=Paine |author-first=Robert}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Grimes |first1=Barbara F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b2liAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Lapp+is+derogatory%22 |title=Ethnologue |last2=Grimes |first2=Joseph Evans |publisher=SIL International |others=Summer Institute of Linguistics |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-55671-103-9 |pages=54, 688, 695 |access-date=25 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420110609/https://books.google.com/books?id=b2liAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Lapp+is+derogatory%22 |archive-date=20 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences Commission on Nomadic Peoples |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4M_PbMV05MC&q=%22is+simply+no+longer+used+in+Fennoscandia,+at+least+not+in+public+contexts+where+it+might+be+taken+to+be+derogatory.+English+has+been+slow+to+follow%22 |title=Nomadic Peoples |publisher=Commission on Nomadic Peoples |year=1983 |pages=54 |access-date=28 November 2015 }}</ref> while others accept at least the name ''Lappland''.<ref name="Sámis don't want to be Lapps">{{Cite news |date=8 February 2008 |title=Sámis don't want to be 'Lapps' |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article2246107.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929001926/http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article2246107.ece |archive-date=29 September 2008 |access-date=3 October 2008 |work=[[Aftenposten]] |last1=Rapp |first1=Ole Magnus |last2=Stein |first2=Catherine}}</ref> Variants of the name ''Lapp'' were originally used in Sweden and Finland and, through Swedish, adopted by many major European languages: {{langx|en|Lapps}}; German, {{langx|nl|Lappen}}; {{langx|fr|Lapons}}; {{langx|el|Λάπωνες}} ({{lang|el-Latn|Lápōnes}}); {{langx|hu|lappok}}; {{langx|it|Lapponi}}; {{langx|pl|Lapończycy}}; {{langx|pt|Lapões}}; {{langx|es|Lapones}}; {{langx|ro|laponi}}; {{Langx|tr|Lapon}}. In Russian the corresponding term is {{lang|ru|лопари́}} ({{lang|ru-Latn|lopari}}) and in Ukrainian {{lang|uk|лопарі́}} ({{lang|uk-Latn|lopari}}).

In Finland and Sweden, ''Lapp'' is common in place names, such as {{lang|fi|Lappi}} ({{lang|fi|[[Satakunta]]|italic=no}}), {{lang|fi|Lappeenranta}} ([[South Karelia]]) and {{lang|fi|Lapinlahti}} ([[North Savo]]) in Finland; and {{lang|sv|Lapp}} ([[Stockholm County]]), {{lang|sv|Lappe}} ({{lang|sv|[[Södermanland]]|italic=no}}) and {{lang|sv|Lappabo}} ({{lang|sv|[[Småland]]|italic=no}}) in Sweden. As already mentioned, ''Finn'' is a common element in Norwegian (particularly Northern Norwegian) place names, whereas ''Lapp'' is exceedingly rare.

Terminological issues in Finnish are somewhat different. Finns living in [[Finnish Lapland]] generally call themselves {{lang|fi|lapp{{strong|i}}lainen}}, whereas the similar word for the Sámi people is {{lang|fi|lapp{{strong|a}}lainen}}. This can be confusing for foreign visitors because of the similar lives Finns and Sámi people live today in Lapland. {{lang|fi|Lappalainen}} is also a common family name in Finland. In Finnish, {{lang|fi|saamelainen}} is the most commonly used word nowadays, especially in official contexts.