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==Post-Roman period== {{main|Sub-Roman Britain}} [[Image:Britonia6hcentury.png|thumb|right|Continental Romano-Briton settlements in the 6th century]] In the early stages the lowlands and cities may have had some organisation or "council" and the [[Bishop of London]] appears to have played a key role, but they were divided politically as former soldiers, mercenaries, nobles, officials and farmers declared themselves kings, fighting amongst each other and leaving Britain open to invasion.<ref name=":5" /> Two factions may have emerged: a pro-Roman faction and an independence faction.{{citation needed|date= January 2021}} The one leader at this time known by name is [[Vortigern]], which may have been a title meaning "High King".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Heywood |first1=Simon |last2=Collins |first2=Fiona |title=The Ancient Legends Retold Vortigern |date=2013 |publisher=The History Press |isbn=978-0-7524-9370-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5NUTDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT6 |access-date=13 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anscombe |first1=Alfred |title=Dr. Haverfiels and the Saxon Advent in Britain |journal=The Celtic Review |date=1913 |volume=8 |page=252 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LmQGAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA252 |access-date=13 October 2022}}</ref> The depredations of the [[Picts]] from the north and [[Scoti|Scotti]] (Scots) from Ireland forced the Britons to seek help from pagan [[Anglo-Saxons|Germanic tribes]] of Angles, Saxons and Jutes, who then decided to settle in Britain. Some of the Romano-British people migrated to [[Brittany]], the [[Kingdom of the Suebi|Suebi Kingdom of Galicia]] and possibly Ireland.<ref name=":4" /> The Anglo-Saxons obtained control of eastern England in the 5th century. In the mid-6th century, they started expanding into the [[English Midlands|Midlands]], then in the 7th century they expanded again into the southwest and the north of England. The unconquered parts of southern Britain, notably Wales, retained their Romano-British culture, in particular retaining Christianity. Members of groups who spoke Germanic also migrated to the southern section of Great Britain.<ref name=":4" /> Cultural exchange is seen in the post-Roman period with these Germanic settlements.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Some Anglo-Saxon histories (in context) refer to the Romano-British people by the blanket term "Welsh".<ref name=":4" /> The term Welsh is derived from an [[Old English]] [[Walhaz|word meaning 'foreigner']], referring to the old inhabitants of southern Britain.<ref>[http://www.worldwidewords.org/articles/welsh.htm Balderdash and flummery]. World Wide Words (23 November 1996).</ref> Historically, Wales and the south-western peninsula were known respectively as North Wales and West Wales.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A10686710 h2g2 β Maps of Cornwall (Kernow) showing a Celtic or Distinct Identity]. Bbc.co.uk.</ref> The Celtic north of England and southern Scotland was referred to in Welsh as [[Hen Ogledd]] ("old north"). The struggles of this period have given rise to the legends of [[Uther Pendragon]] and [[King Arthur]]. There are many theories, but it is sometimes said that [[Ambrosius Aurelianus]], a resistance leader of the Romano-British forces, was the model for the former, and that Arthur's court of [[Camelot]] is an idealised Welsh and [[Cornwall|Cornish]] memory of pre-Saxon Romano-British civilisation.<ref name=":4" />
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