Editing Romania (section)

===Period of the Principalities and the Phanariot Era===
{{Main|Romania in the Middle Ages|Phanariots}}

In the [[first millennium]], waves of [[nomads]] swept across the territory of Romania: the [[Goths]] during the 3rd–4th centuries,<ref>{{cite book |last=Jordanes |title=Getica, sive, De Origine Actibusque Gothorum |year=551 |location=Constantinople |url=http://www.harbornet.com/folks/theedrich/Goths/Goths1.htm |access-date=2008-08-31}}</ref> the [[Huns]] in the 4th century,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Iliescu |first1=Vl. |last2=Paschale |first2=Chronicon |title=Fontes Historiae Daco-Romanae |volume=II |pages=363, 587 |place=Bucharest |year=1970}}</ref> the [[Gepids]] in the 5th century,<ref name=gepizi>{{cite book |last=Teodor |first=Dan Gh. |title=Istoria României de la începuturi până în secolul al VIII-lea |year=1995 |location=Bucharest |pages=294–325 |volume=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=István |last=Bóna |editor-last=Köpeczi |editor-first=Béla |title=History of Transylvania: II.3. The Kingdom of the Gepids |volume=1 |publisher=Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences |place=New York |year=2001 |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/33.html |access-date=2008-08-31 |language=en}}</ref> the [[Avars (Caucasus)|Avars]] in the 6th century,<ref>{{cite web |first=István |last=Bóna |editor-last=Köpeczi |editor-first=Béla |title=History of Transylvania: II.4. The Period of the Avar Rule |volume=1 |publisher=Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences |place=New York |year=2001 |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/41.html |access-date=2008-08-31}}</ref> the [[Slavs]] in the 7th century, the [[Magyars]] in the 9th century, the [[Pechenegs]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Constantine VII |first=Porphyrogenitus |author-link=Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus |title=Constantine Porphyrogenitus De Administrando Imperio |date=950 |location=Constantinople |url=http://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/rus/texts/constp.html |access-date=2008-08-31}}</ref> the [[Cumans]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Xenopol |first=Alexandru D. |title=Histoire des Roumains |place=Paris |year=1896 |volume=i |pages=168}}</ref> the [[Uzes (people)|Uzes]] and the [[Alans]] during the 10th–12th centuries, and the [[Tatars]] in the 13th century. In 1054, a series of [[Eastern Orthodox – Roman Catholic ecclesiastical differences|ecclesiastical differences]] and [[Theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church|theological disputes]] between the [[Greek East and Latin West]] caused the [[East–West Schism|Great Schism]], eventually resulting in Romania adopting Orthodoxy.

In the [[13th century]], the first bearers of the [[Medieval Serbian noble titles|Slavic noble title]] [[Knyaz]] south of the [[Carpathian Mountains]] are attested.<ref>“In the Diploma of the Ioaniți Knights the first Romanian state formations south of the Carpathians are attested – the chieftaincies of [[Ioan (voivode)|Ioan]] and [[Farcaș]], and the voivodates of [[Litovoi]] and [[Seneslau]].” [http://www.arcanum.hu/mol/lpext.dll/fejer/413/416/50b?f=templates&fn=document-frame.htm&2.0 Original text in Latin of the Diploma of the Ioaniți Knights].</ref> Later, in the context of the crystallisation of feudal relations, as a result of the creation of favourable internal and external conditions (the weakening of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] pressure and the diminishing of [[Tatars]] domination), autonomous feudal states emerged south and east of the Carpathians – [[Wallachia]] in 1310, under [[Basarab I]], and [[Moldova]] in 1359, under [[Bogdan I]].<ref name="MEIU"/> Among the Romanian rulers who played a more important role can be mentioned: [[Alexander the Good]], [[Stephen the Great]], [[Petru Rareș]], and [[Dimitrie Cantemir]] in Moldova; [[Mircea the Elder]], [[Vlad the Impaler]], [[Michael the Brave]], and [[Constantin Brâncoveanu]] in Wallachia; and [[John Hunyadi]] in Transylvania.

Beginning in the late [[15th century]], the two principalities gradually came under the influence of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. [[Transylvania]], which throughout the [[Middle Ages]] was part of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]],<ref>{{cite web |first=László |last=Makkai |editor-last=Köpeczi |editor-first=Béla |title=History of Transylvania: III. Transylvania in the Medieval Hungarian Kingdom (896–1526) |volume=1 |publisher=Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences |place=New York |year=2001 |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/57.html |access-date=2008-08-31}}</ref> governed by voivodes, became a self-governing principality and a vassal of the [[Ottoman Empire]] from 1526. At the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, [[Michael the Brave]] for a very brief period ruled over a large part of the territory of present-day Romania.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rezachevici |first=Constantin |title=Mihai Viteazul: the Moldavian itinerary |year=2000 |journal=Magazin Istoric |issue=5 |url=http://www.itcnet.ro/history/archive/mi2000/current5/mi5.htm |access-date=2008-08-31 |archive-date=2007-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926231040/http://www.itcnet.ro/history/archive/mi2000/current5/mi5.htm}}</ref>