Editing Romani people (section)

=== Other designations ===

In English, the [[exonym]] ''Gypsy'' (or ''Gipsy'') is the most commonly used word for the group.<ref name="OED"/> It originates from the [[Middle English]] {{lang|enm|gypcian}}, short for {{lang|enm|Egipcien}}. The Spanish term {{lang|es|Gitano}} and French {{lang|fr|Gitan}} have similar etymologies. They are ultimately derived from the Greek {{transliteration|grc|Aigyptioi}} ({{lang|grc|Αιγύπτιοι}}), meaning 'Egyptian', via Latin. This designation owes its existence to the belief, common in the Middle Ages, that the Roma, or some related group (such as the Indian [[Dom people]]), were itinerant [[Egyptians]].<ref name=Soulis>{{Citation |last=Soulis |first=G. |year=1961 |title=The Gypsies in the Byzantine Empire and the Balkans in the Late Middle Ages |series=Dumbarton Oaks Papers |publisher=Trustees for Harvard University |pages=15, 141–165}}</ref><ref name="White 1999">{{cite journal |url=http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/goudenhoorn/72karin.html |title=Metal-workers, agriculturists, acrobats, military-people and fortune-tellers: Roma (Gypsies) in and around the Byzantine empire |first=Karin |last=White |year=1999 |journal=Golden Horn |volume=7 |issue=2 |access-date=26 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010320210002/http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/goudenhoorn/72karin.html |archive-date=20 March 2001}}</ref> This belief appears to be derived from verses in the [[Book of Ezekiel]] (29:6, 29:12–13) which refer to the Egyptians being scattered among the nations by an angry God. According to one narrative, they were exiled from Egypt as punishment for allegedly harbouring the [[infant Jesus]].{{sfn|Fraser|1992}} In his book ''[[The Zincali]]'', [[George Borrow]] notes that when they first appeared in Germany, it was under the character of Egyptians doing penance for their having refused hospitality to Mary and her son. As described in [[Victor Hugo]]'s novel ''[[The Hunchback of Notre-Dame]]'', the medieval French referred to the Romanies as {{lang|fr|Égyptiens}}.

These exonyms are sometimes written with capital letter, to show that they designate an [[ethnic group]].<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ian |last=Hancock |title=A Handbook of Vlax Romani |publisher=Slavica Publishers |year=1995 |page=17}}</ref> While some Roma use the term, some Roma consider it derogatory because of negative and stereotypical associations.<ref name="Garner" /><ref name="IOV-2020">"In Romania in 2009, following an IMAS study, at the demand of the National Agency for the Roma (NAR), sixty-six percent of respondents identified themselves as "gypsies," thirty percent as "Roma," and the remaining four percent did not know or refused to answer. The situation is similar with other countries. The natural question, starting from these results, is whether, in the unifying process (one name, one people, one history), the Roma leaders and organizations take into account the desire of the community as it is expressed in censuses or surveys." Iov, Claudia Anamaria. 2020. ''Rethinking (In)Security in the European Union: The Migration-Identity-Security Nexus'', p. 119. [[Cambridge Scholars Publishing]].</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Pocket guide to English usage |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-87779-514-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/merriamwebstersp00merr/page/178 178] |publisher=Merriam-Webster |location=Springfield, MA |url=https://archive.org/details/merriamwebstersp00merr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Wedeck |first1=H. E. |last2=Baskin |first2=Wade |title=Dictionary of gypsy life and lore |publisher=Philosophical Library |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8065-2985-1 |year=1973}}</ref><ref name=RomaReport>{{Citation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105000222/http://www.paveepoint.ie/pdf/Roma_Report.pdf |archive-date=5 November 2013 |publisher=Pavee point |url=http://www.paveepoint.ie/pdf/Roma_Report.pdf |title=Report in Roma Educational Needs in Ireland}}</ref> The Council of Europe consider that "Gypsy" or equivalent terms, as well as administrative terms such as "Gens du Voyage" are not in line with European recommendations.<ref name="words" /> In Britain, many Roma proudly identify as "Gypsies",<ref name="House of Commons Women & Equalities Committee">{{cite web |title=Tackling inequalities faced by Gypsy, Roma and Traveller communities |last=House of Commons Women & Equalities Committee |date=5 April 2019 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmwomeq/360/full-report.html#heading-6 |publisher=UK Parliament |access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> and, as part of the Gypsy, Roma and Traveller grouping, this is the name used to describe all para-Romani groups in official contexts.<ref name="uk gov">{{cite web |title=Gypsy, Roma and Irish Traveller ethnicity summary |url=https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/summaries/gypsy-roma-irish-traveller#the-gypsy-roma-traveller-group |website=gov.uk |publisher=His Majesty's Government |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> In North America, the word ''Gypsy'' is most commonly used as a reference to Romani ethnicity, though lifestyle and fashion are at times also referenced by using this word.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gypsy |website=The Free Dictionary |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dict.asp?Word=gypsy}}</ref>

Another designation of the Roma is ''Cingane'' (alternatively Çingene, Tsinganoi, Zigar, Zigeuner, Tschingaren), likely deriving from the Persian word {{lang|fa|چنگانه}} ({{lang|fa-Latn|chingane}}), derived from the Turkic word {{lang|trk|çıgañ}}, meaning poor person.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/kelime/%C3%A7ingene |title=Etymology of the Turkish word Çingene |website=Nişanyan Sözlük}}</ref> It is also possible that the origin of this word is ''[[Athinganoi]]'', the name of a Christian sect with whom the Roma (or some related group) could have become associated in the past.<ref name="White 1999" /><ref name=Starr>{{Citation |last=Starr |first=J. |year=1936 |title=An Eastern Christian Sect: the Athinganoi |series=Dumbarton Oaks Papers |publisher=Trustees for Harvard University |pages=29, 93–106}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sca.org/ti/articles/2002/issue144/rom.html |title=A Brief History of the Rom |first=Karina |last=Bates |access-date=26 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810161445/http://www.sca.org/ti/articles/2002/issue144/rom.html |archive-date=10 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/index/9Y2PJM6YAYT1UVHW.pdf |title=Book Reviews |journal=Population Studies |volume=48 |issue=2 |date=July 1994 |pages=365–72 |doi=10.1080/0032472031000147856}}</ref>