Editing Roman Missal (section)

===Revision following the Second Vatican Council===
The instruction [https://adoremus.org/1964/09/inter-oecumenici/ ''Inter Oecumenici''] of 26 September 1964, that took effect on 7 March 1965, initiated the application to the Mass of the decisions that the Council had taken less than a year before. Permission was given for use, only in Mass celebrated with the people, the use of the vernacular , in the Biblical readings and the reintroduced Prayers of the Faithful, but, "until the whole of the Ordinary of the Mass has been revised", in the chants (Kyrie, Gloria, Creed, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, and the entrance, offertory and communion antiphons) and in the parts that involved dialogue with the people, and in the Our Father, which the people could now recite entirely together with the priest. Most Episcopal Conferences quickly approved interim vernacular translations, generally different from country to country, and, after having them confirmed by the Holy See, published them in 1965. Other changes included the omission of Psalm 43 (42) at the start of Mass and the Last Gospel at the end, both of which Pope Pius V had first inserted into the Missal (having previously been private prayers said by the priest in the sacristy), and the Leonine Prayers of [[Pope Leo XIII]]. The [[Canon of the Mass]], which continued to be recited silently, was kept in Latin.

Three years later, the second instruction [https://adoremus.org/2007/12/tres-abhinc-annos/ ''Tres abhinc annos''] of 4 May 1967 gave permission for use of the vernacular in the Canon of the Mass, and allowed it to be said audibly and even, in part, to be chanted; the vernacular could be used even at Mass celebrated without the people being present. Use of the [[maniple (vestment)|maniple]] was made optional, and at three ceremonies at which the [[cope]] was previously the obligatory vestment the chasuble could be used instead.

A new edition of the Roman Missal was promulgated by [[Pope Paul VI]] with the [[apostolic constitution]] ''[[Missale Romanum (apostolic constitution)|Missale Romanum]]'' of 3 April 1969. The full text of the revised Missal was not published until the following year, and full vernacular translations appeared some years later, but parts of the Missal in Latin were already available since 1964 in non-definitive form, and provisional translations appeared without delay.

In his apostolic constitution, Pope Paul VI made particular mention of the following significant changes that he had made in the Roman Missal:
* To the single [[Eucharistic Prayer]] of the previous edition (which, with minor alterations, was preserved as the First Eucharistic Prayer) he added three alternative Eucharistic Prayers, increasing also the number of prefaces.
* The rites of the [[Order of Mass]] (in Latin, ''Ordo Missae'') — that is, the largely unvarying part of the liturgy — were "simplified, while due care is taken to preserve their substance." "Elements which, with the passage of time, came to be duplicated, or were added with but little advantage" were eliminated, especially in the rites for the preparation of the bread and wine, the breaking of the bread, and Communion.
* "'Other elements which have suffered injury through accidents of history are now to be restored to the earlier norm of the Holy Fathers' ([https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_en.html ''Sacrosanctum Concilium''], art. 50), for example, the homily (see ''Sacrosanctum Concilium'', art. 52) and the 'common prayer' or 'prayer of the faithful' (see ''Sacrosanctum Concilium'', art. 53)."<ref>[https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_p-vi_apc_19690403_missale-romanum_en.html ''Missale Romanum''.] The internal references to [https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_en.html ''Sacrosanctum Concilium''] are to the Constitution of the Second Vatican Council on the Sacred Liturgy.</ref> Paul VI also added the option of "a penitential rite or act of reconciliation with God and the brothers, at the beginning of the Mass", though this was neither an ancient part of the Introductory Rite nor mentioned in ''Sacrosanctum Concilium''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04222a.htm|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Confiteor|website=www.newadvent.org|access-date=17 May 2017}}</ref>
* He greatly increased the proportion of the Bible read at Mass. Even before Pius XII reduced the proportion further, only 1% of the Old Testament and 16.5% of the New Testament was read at Mass. In Pope Paul's revision, 13.5% of the Old Testament and 71.5% of the New Testament are read.<ref>{{cite web|author=Felix Just, S.J. |url=http://catholic-resources.org/Lectionary/Statistics.htm |title=Lectionary Statistics |publisher=Catholic-resources.org |date=2 January 2009 |access-date=27 November 2011}}</ref> He was able to do this by having more readings at Mass and introducing a three-year cycle of readings on Sundays and a two-year cycle on weekdays.

In addition to these changes, the Pope noted that his revision considerably modified other sections of the Missal, such as the Proper of Seasons, the Proper of Saints, the [[common (liturgy)|Common of Saints]], the Ritual Masses, and the Votive Masses, adding: "In all of these changes, particular care has been taken with the prayers: not only has their number been increased, so that the new texts might better correspond to new needs, but also their text has been restored on the testimony of the most ancient evidences."{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

In response to the promulgation of the [[Mass of Paul VI]], in 1969, cardinals [[Alfredo Ottaviani]] and [[Antonio Bacci]] presented the [[Ottaviani Intervention]].