Editing Robert II of Scotland (section)

===  King David's captivity ===
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|quote=''' ''Petitions to the Pope, 1342–1419'' '''<ref>"[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=92363 Volume XIII: 6 Clement VI]", ''Petitions to the Pope: 1342–1419'' (1896), pp. 124–126. Date accessed: 04 April 2009. (10 Kal. Dec. 1347 – 22 November 1347)</ref>

The kings of France and Scotland, bishops William of St. Andrews, William of Glasgow, William of Aberdeen, Richard of Dunkeld, Martin of Argyle, Adam of Brechin, and Maurice of Dunblane. Signification that although Elizabeth Mor and Isabella Boutellier, noble damsels of the diocese of Glasgow, are related in the third and fourth degrees of kindred, Robert Steward of Scotland, lord of Stragrifis, in the diocese of Glasgow, the king's nephew, carnally knew first Isabella, and afterwards, in ignorance of their kindred, Elizabeth, who was herself related to Robert in the fourth degree of kindred, living with her for some time and having many children of both sexes by her; the above king and bishops, therefore, pray the pope that for the sake of the said offspring, who are fair to behold (''aspectibus gratiose''), to grant a dispensation to Robert and Elizabeth to intermarry, and to declare their offspring legitimate.

''To be granted by the diocesan, at whose discretion one or more chapelries are to be founded by Robert. ''

''Avignon, 10 Kal. Dec. 1347''
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With the king now imprisoned in England and Randolph dead, the guardianship once again fell to Robert.<ref>Sadler, ''Border Fury'', p. 228</ref> In 1347 he took the important step of ensuring the [[legitimation]] of his four sons, John, [[Earl of Carrick]] (the future King [[Robert III of Scotland|Robert III]]), [[Walter Stewart, Lord of Fife|Walter, Lord of Fife]] (d. 1362), [[Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany|Robert]] (the future [[Duke of Albany]]) and [[Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan|Alexander]], [[Lord of Badenoch]] (and future [[Earl of Buchan]]), and six daughters by petitioning [[Pope Clement VI]] to allow a [[canon law]] marriage to Elizabeth Mure.<ref>Brown & Tanner, ''History of Scottish Parliament'', footnote 34, p. 85</ref>

Even though an English prisoner, David retained influence in Scotland and Robert had his guardianship removed by parliament and given jointly to the earls of [[earl of Mar|Mar]] and [[earl of Ross|Ross]] and the [[Earl of Douglas|lord of Douglas]] — this did not last and Robert was once again appointed guardian by the Parliament of February 1352.<ref>Brown & Tanner, ''History of Scottish Parliament'', pp. 85–86</ref> The paroled David attended this Parliament to present to Robert and the members of the [[Three Estates]] the conditions for his release. These contained no ransom demand but required the Scots to name the English prince [[John of Gaunt]] as heir presumptive. The Council rejected these terms, with Robert opposing a proposal that threatened his right of succession.<ref>Boardman, ''Early Stewart Kings'', pp. 9–10</ref> The king had no option but to return to captivity — the English chronicler [[Henry Knighton]] wrote of the event:<ref>Brown & Tanner, ''History of Scottish Parliament'', pp. 86–87</ref>

<blockquote style="font-size:90%;">... the Scots refused to have their King unless he entirely renounced the influence of the English, and similarly refused to submit themselves to them. And they warned him that they would neither ransom him nor allow him to be ransomed unless he pardoned them for all their acts and injuries that they had done, and all the offences that they had committed during the time of captivity, and he should give them security for that, or otherwise, they threatened to choose another king to rule them.</blockquote>

By 1354 ongoing negotiations for the king's release reached the stage where a proposal of a straight ransom payment of 90,000 marks to be repaid over nine years, guaranteed by the provision of 20 high-ranking hostages, was agreed upon — this understanding was destroyed by Robert when he bound the Scots to a French action against the English in 1355.<ref>Boardman, ''Early Stewart Kings'', p. 10</ref> The capture of [[Berwick-upon-Tweed|Berwick]] together with the presence of the French on English soil jolted Edward III into moving against the Scots — in January 1356 Edward led his forces into the south-east of Scotland and burned [[Edinburgh]] and [[Haddington, East Lothian|Haddington]] and much of the [[Lothian]]s in a campaign that became known as the "Burnt Candlemas".<ref>Brown, ''The Wars of Scotland'', p. 253</ref> After Edward's victory over France in September, the Scots resumed negotiations for David's release ending in October 1357 with the [[Treaty of Berwick (1357)|Treaty of Berwick]]. Its terms were that in turn for David's freedom, a ransom of 100,000 marks would be paid in annual instalments over ten years — only the first two payments were completed initially and nothing further until 1366.<ref>Rogers, ''The Wars of Edward III'', pp. 218–219</ref> This failure to honour the conditions of the Berwick treaty allowed Edward to continue to press for a [[House of Plantagenet|Plantagenet]] successor to David — terms that were rejected by the Scottish Council and probably by Robert himself.<ref>Rogers, ''The Wars of Edward III'', p. 219</ref> This may have been the cause of a brief rebellion in 1363 by Robert and the earls of [[earl of Douglas|Douglas]] and [[earl of March|March]].<ref>Barrell, ''Medieval Scotland'', p. 130</ref> Later French inducements could not bring David to their aid and the country remained at peace with England during his reign.<ref>Rogers, ''The Wars of Edward III'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=0uq3738Jy9gC&q=David+February+1371+unsuccessful+in+inducing+scotland+to+make+war p. 220]</ref>