Editing Rio de Janeiro (section)

===Portuguese royal period===
{{main|Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil}}
The kingdom's capital was transferred to the city, which, thus, became the only European capital outside of [[Europe]]. As there was no physical space or urban structure to accommodate hundreds of noblemen who arrived suddenly, many inhabitants were simply evicted from their homes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sobrinho |first=Wanderley Preite |date=3 March 2008 |title=Chegada da família real portuguesa muda a arquitetura do Rio |trans-title=Arrival of the Portuguese royal family changes Rio's architecture |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/brasil/ult96u372084.shtml |access-date=17 April 2010 |website=[[Folha de S. Paulo]] |language=pt |archive-date=15 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515024757/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/brasil/ult96u372084.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> In the first decade, several educational establishments were created, such as the Military Academy, the Royal School of Sciences, Arts and Crafts and the [[Academia Imperial de Belas Artes|Imperial Academy of Fine Arts]], as well as the [[National Library of Brazil]] – with the largest collection in [[Latin America]]<ref name="BNB">{{Cite web |title=Apresentação da Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil |trans-title=Presenting Brazil's National Library |url=http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/portal/fbn/presentacion.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119091854/http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/portal/FBN/presentacion.shtml |archive-date=19 January 2010 |access-date=10 October 2012 |publisher=Fundação Biblioteca Nacional |language=pt}}</ref> – and The [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]. The first printed newspaper in Brazil, the {{Lang|pt|[[Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro]]}}, came into circulation during this period.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2007 |title=199 anos do primeiro jornal impresso no Brasil |trans-title=199 years of Brazil's first printed newspaper |url=http://www.jornalorebate.com.br/site/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=1083 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240526073527/https://www.webcitation.org/6BJycK9Vh?url=http://www.jornalorebate.com.br/site/index2.php%3Foption=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=1083 |archive-date=26 May 2024 |access-date=10 October 2012 |website=O Rebate |language=pt}}</ref> When Brazil was elevated to Kingdom in 1815, it became the capital of the [[United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves]] until the return of the [[Portuguese Royal Family]] to [[Lisbon]] in 1821, but remained as capital of the [[Kingdom of Brazil]].<ref name="HCRJ">{{Cite book |last=Coaracy |first=Vivaldo |title=Memória da cidade do Rio de Janeiro |year=1955 |editor-last=Livraria José Olympio Editora |location=Rio de Janeiro |page=584}}</ref>

From the colonial period until the first independent era, Rio de Janeiro was a city of slaves. There was a large influx of [[Slavery in Brazil|African slaves]] to Rio de Janeiro: in 1819, there were 145,000 slaves in the captaincy. In 1840, the number of slaves reached 220,000 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A África civiliza |url=http://www.multirio.rj.gov.br/historia/modulo02/africa_civiliza.html |access-date=17 April 2010 |publisher=Secretaria Municipal de Educação da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro |language=pt |archive-date=7 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107001757/http://www.multirio.rj.gov.br/historia/modulo02/africa_civiliza.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Between 1811 and 1831, 500,000 to a million slaves arrived in Rio de Janeiro through [[Valongo Wharf]], which is now a [[World Heritage Site]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1548 |title=Valongo Wharf Archaeological Site |website=UNESCO World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=21 March 2021 |archive-date=8 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708160538/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1548/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Port of Rio de Janeiro was the largest port of slaves in America.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tour Rio De Janeiro's Oldest Slave Port With This New App |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/07/18/537948535/tour-rio-de-janeiros-oldest-slave-port-with-this-new-app |access-date=12 September 2019 |website=NPR.org |language=en |archive-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914094811/https://www.npr.org/2017/07/18/537948535/tour-rio-de-janeiros-oldest-slave-port-with-this-new-app |url-status=live }}</ref>