Editing Rift Valley fever (section)

===Transmission===
{{See also|Prevention of viral hemorrhagic fever}}
The virus is transmitted through mosquito [[Vector (epidemiology)|vectors]], as well as through contact with the tissue of infected animals. Two species—''[[Culex tritaeniorhynchus]]'' and ''[[Aedes vexans]]''—are known to transmit the virus.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jupp PG, Kemp A, Grobbelaar A, Lema P, Burt FJ, Alahmed AM, Al Mujalli D, Al Khamees M, Swanepoel R | title = The 2000 epidemic of Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia: mosquito vector studies | journal = Medical and Veterinary Entomology | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 245–52 | date = September 2002 | pmid = 12243225 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2002.00371.x | doi-access = free }}</ref> Other potential vectors include ''[[Aedes caspius]]'', ''[[Aedes mcintosh]]'', ''[[Aedes ochraceus]],'' ''[[Culex pipiens]]'', ''[[Culex antennatus]]'', ''[[Culex perexiguus]]'', ''[[Culex zombaensis]]'' and ''[[Culex quinquefasciatus]]''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Turell MJ, Presley SM, Gad AM, Cope SE, Dohm DJ, Morrill JC, Arthur RR | title = Vector competence of Egyptian mosquitoes for Rift Valley fever virus | journal = The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | volume = 54 | issue = 2 | pages = 136–39 | date = February 1996 | pmid = 8619436 | doi = 10.4269/ajtmh.1996.54.136 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Turell MJ, Lee JS, Richardson JH, Sang RC, Kioko EN, Agawo MO, Pecor J, O'Guinn ML | s2cid = 36591701 | title = Vector competence of Kenyan Culex zombaensis and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes for Rift Valley fever virus | journal = Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | pages = 378–82 | date = December 2007 | pmid = 18240513 | doi = 10.2987/5645.1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fontenille D, Traore-Lamizana M, Diallo M, Thonnon J, Digoutte JP, Zeller HG | title = New vectors of Rift Valley fever in West Africa | journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | pages = 289–93 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9621201 | pmc = 2640145 | doi = 10.3201/eid0402.980218 }}</ref> Contact with infected tissue is considered to be the main source of human infections.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Swanepoel R, Coetzer JA |chapter=Rift Valley fever | veditors = Coetzer JA, Tustin RC |title=Infectious diseases of livestock |publisher=Oxford University Press Southern Africa |location=Cape Town |year=2004 |pages=1037–70 |isbn=978-0195761702 |edition=2nd}}</ref> The virus has been isolated from two bat species: the [[Peters's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat|Peter's epauletted fruit bat]] (''Micropteropus pusillus'') and the [[Aba Roundleaf Bat|aba roundleaf bat]] (''Hipposideros abae''), which are believed to be [[Natural reservoir|reservoirs]] for the virus.<ref name=isolation>{{cite journal | vauthors = Boiro I, Konstaninov OK, Numerov AD | title = [Isolation of Rift Valley fever virus from bats in the Republic of Guinea] | language = fr | journal = Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique et de Ses Filiales | volume = 80 | issue = 1 | pages = 62–67 | year = 1987 | pmid = 3607999 }}</ref>