Editing Redox (section)

==Rates, mechanisms, and energies==
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Redox reactions can occur slowly, as in the formation of [[rust]], or rapidly, as in the case of burning [[fuel]]. Electron transfer reactions are generally fast, occurring within the time of mixing.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mailloux |first1=Ryan J. |title=Teaching the fundamentals of electron transfer reactions in mitochondria and the production and detection of reactive oxygen species |journal=Redox Biology |date=April 2015 |volume=4 |pages=381–398 |doi=10.1016/j.redox.2015.02.001 |pmid=25744690 |pmc=4348434 }}</ref>

The mechanisms of atom-transfer reactions are highly variable because many kinds of atoms can be transferred. Such reactions can also be quite complex, involving many steps. The mechanisms of electron-transfer reactions occur by two distinct pathways, [[inner sphere electron transfer]]<ref>{{GoldBookRef|title=Inner-sphere electron transfer|file=I03052}}</ref> and [[outer sphere electron transfer]].<ref>{{GoldBookRef|title=Outer-sphere electron transfer|file=O04351}}</ref>

Analysis of bond energies and [[Ionization energy|ionization energies]] in water allows calculation of the thermodynamic aspects of redox reactions.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://uen.pressbooks.pub/introductorychemistry/chapter/bond-energy-and-enthalpy/ | title=Bond Energy and Enthalpy }}</ref>