Editing Red panda (section)

===Phylogeny===
The placement of the red panda on the [[evolutionary tree]] has been debated. In the early 20th century, various scientists placed it in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Procyonidae]] with [[raccoon]]s and their allies. At the time, most prominent biologists also considered the red panda to be related to the giant panda, which would eventually be found to be a [[bear]]. A 1982 study examined the similarities and differences in the skull between the red panda and the giant panda, other bears and procyonids, and placed the species in its own family [[Ailuridae]]. The author of the study considered the red panda to be more closely related to bears.<ref name="taxonomy">{{cite book |author=Groves, C. |year=2021 |chapter=The taxonomy and phylogeny of ''Ailurus'' |title=Red Panda: Biology and Conservation of the First Panda |editor=Glatston, A. R. |pages=95–117 |edition=Second |publisher=Academic Press |place=London |isbn=978-0-12-823753-3}}</ref> A 1995 [[mitochondrial DNA]] analysis revealed that the red panda has close affinities with procyonids.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Pecon-Slattery, J. |name-list-style=amp |author2=O'Brien, S. J. |year=1995 |title=Molecular phylogeny of the red panda (''Ailurus fulgens'') |journal=The Journal of Heredity |volume=86 |issue=6 |pages=413–422 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111615 |pmid=8568209}}</ref> Further genetic studies in 2005, 2018 and 2021 have placed the red panda within the [[clade]] [[Musteloidea]], which also includes Procyonidae, [[Mustelidae]] ([[weasel]]s and relatives) and [[Mephitidae]] ([[skunk]]s and relatives).<ref name="Flynn2005">{{Cite journal |author1=Flynn, J. J. |author2=Finarelli, J. A. |author3=Zehr, S. |author4=Hsu, J. |author5=Nedbal, M. A. |title=Molecular phylogeny of the Carnivora (Mammalia): Assessing the impact of increased sampling on resolving enigmatic relationships |doi=10.1080/10635150590923326 |journal=Systematic Biology |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=317–337 |year=2005 |pmid=16012099 |doi-access=free |name-list-style=amp}}</ref><ref name="Law-2018">{{Cite journal |author1=Law, C. J. |author2=Slater, G. J. |author3=Mehta, R. S. |name-list-style=amp |date=2018 |title=Lineage Diversity and Size Disparity in Musteloidea: Testing Patterns of Adaptive Radiation Using Molecular and Fossil-Based Methods|journal=Systematic Biology |volume=67|issue=1 |pages=127–144 |doi=10.1093/sysbio/syx047|pmid=28472434 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=Hassanin>{{cite journal|author1=Hassanin, A.|author2=Veron, G.|author3=Ropiquet, A.|author4=van Vuuren, B. J.|author5=Lécu, A.|author6=Goodman, S. M.|author7=Haider, J.|author8=Nguyen, T. T.|year=2021|title=Evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria) inferred from mitochondrial genomes|journal=PLOS ONE |volume=16|issue=2|page=e0240770|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0240770 |pmid=33591975 |pmc=7886153 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1640770H |doi-access=free}}</ref>

{{Clade gallery
|main-caption = Phylogenetic relationship of the red panda based on analysis of
|header1 = Six genes from 76 Carnivora species<ref name="Flynn2005"/>
|header2 = 46 genes from 75 musteloid species<ref name="Law-2018"/>
|header3 = Mitogenomes from 220 mammal species<ref name=Hassanin/>
|align=left |width=370px |height=340px |width2=275px
|cladogram1 = {{clade |style=font-size:85%;line-height:85% |label1=[[Caniformia]]
|1={{clade
  |1 =[[Canidae]] [[File:Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XI).jpg|60px|African golden wolf]]
  |label2=[[Arctoidea]]
  |2={{clade
    |1=[[Ursidae]] [[File:Recherches pour servir à l'histoire naturelle des mammifères (Pl. 50) (white background).jpg|50px|Giant panda]]
    |2={{clade
      |1=[[Pinnipedia]] [[File:Cambridge Natural History Mammalia Fig 230 white background.jpg|70px|Common seal]]
      |label2=[[Musteloidea]]
      |2={{clade
        |1=[[Ailuridae]] [[File:Ailurus fulgens - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background).jpg|60px|Red panda]]          
        |2={{clade
          |1=[[Mephitidae]] [[File:Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen (Plate CXXI-) (white background).jpg|50px|Striped skunk]]
          |2={{clade
             |1=[[Procyonidae]] |image1=[[File:Wild animals of North America, intimate studies of big and little creatures of the mammal kingdom (Page 410) (white background).jpg|50px|Common raccoon]]
             |2=[[Mustelidae]] |image2=[[File:Fitch white background.png|60px|European polecat]]
}} }} }} }} }} }} }}
|cladogram2 = {{clade |style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%; |label1=[[Musteloidea]]
 |1={{clade
   |1=[[Mephitidae]] [[File:Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen (Plate CXXI-) (white background).jpg|50px|Striped skunk]]
   |2={{clade
    |1=[[Ailuridae]] [[File:Ailurus fulgens - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background).jpg|60px|Red panda]]
    |2={{clade
      |1=[[Procyonidae]] |image1=[[File:Wild animals of North America, intimate studies of big and little creatures of the mammal kingdom (Page 410) (white background).jpg|50px|Common raccoon]]
      |2=[[Mustelidae]] |image2=[[File:Fitch white background.png|60px|European polecat]]
}} }} }} }}
|cladogram3 = {{clade | style=font-size:85%;line-height:85% |label1=[[Caniformia]]
 |1={{clade
   |1 =[[Canidae]] [[File:Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XI).jpg|60px|African golden wolf]]
   |label2=[[Arctoidea]]
   |2={{clade
    |1=[[Ursidae]] [[File:Recherches pour servir à l'histoire naturelle des mammifères (Pl. 50) (white background).jpg|50px|Giant panda]]
    |2={{clade
      |1=[[Pinnipedia]] [[File:Cambridge Natural History Mammalia Fig 230 white background.jpg|70px|Common seal]]
      |label3=[[Musteloidea]]
      |3={{clade
        |1={{clade
          |1=[[Ailuridae]] |image1=[[File:Ailurus fulgens - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background).jpg|60px|Red panda]]          
          |2=[[Mephitidae]] [[File:Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen (Plate CXXI-) (white background).jpg|50px|Striped skunk]]
    }}
 |2={{clade
   |1=[[Procyonidae]] |image1=[[File:Wild animals of North America, intimate studies of big and little creatures of the mammal kingdom (Page 410) (white background).jpg|50px|Common raccoon]]
   |2=[[Mustelidae]] |image2=[[File:Fitch white background.png|60px|European polecat]]
}} }} }} }} }} }} }}
{{clear}}