Editing Ramiro I of Asturias (section)

===The legend of the Battle of Clavijo===
[[File:Ramiro I de Asturias 01.jpg|thumb|An 18th-century statue in the [[Royal Palace of Madrid]] depicting the artist's concept of Ramiro I]]

According to legend, in 834, Ramiro defeated the Moors in the [[Battle of Clavijo]]. The date was later changed to 844 in order to accommodate the contradictions inherent to the story (Ramiro was not ruling in 834). The account of the battle came to the spotlight on a spurious charter forged in Santiago de Compostela in the early 12th century.<ref>{{cite book | author = Collins, Roger| year = 1983 | title = Early Medieval Spain | publisher = St. Martin's Press |location = New York|isbn= 0-312-22464-8|page = 236}}</ref> Neither Asturian nor Arab chronicles of the period make any mention of such a battle. It is first mentioned in the chronicles of [[Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada]], 13th-century [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toledo|archbishop of Toledo]].

The account of the battle appears to be a mythification of the historical 859 [[Battle of Monte Laturce|Second Battle of Albelda]], in which Ramiro's son and successor, [[Ordoño I of Asturias|Ordoño I]] along with [[García Íñiguez of Pamplona]] crushed the forces of [[Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi]].<ref>{{in lang|es}} Martínez Díez (2005:Tomo 1, p. 143)</ref><ref>{{in lang|es}} J.J. Sayas Abengochea y L.A. García Moreno, ''Historia de España dirigida por Manuel Tuñón de Lara II. Romanismo y Germanismo: el despertar de ls pueblos hispánicos'' (1981). Labor, Madrid.</ref> According to the legend, during the battle, [[Saint James the Greater]], the Moor-slayer, is said to have appeared riding a white horse and bearing a white standard, and aided Asturian troops to defeat the Moors. This gave rise to the cult of Saint James in Iberia (''see [[Way of St. James]]'').<ref name="Hijelmo1995">{{cite book | last=Granado Hijelmo| first=Ignacio |title=Las Instituciones Nobiliarias Riojanas: Un Capítulo de la Historia Institucional de la Rioja y el Derecho Nobiliario Español| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NWmObBw8sgUC&pg=PA10| accessdate=18 July 2012| date=1 January 1995| publisher=Ediciones Hidalguia| isbn=978-84-87204-76-0| pages=10–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ayuntamientodeclavijo.org/El_Voto_de_Santiago.1815.0.html |title=Clavijo: El Voto de Santiago |accessdate=2012-07-03 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202143806/http://www.ayuntamientodeclavijo.org/El_Voto_de_Santiago.1815.0.html |archivedate=February 2, 2014 }}</ref>

In thanks for the intervention of the Apostle, Ramiro is said to have instituted a forged grant called [[Voto de Santiago]] actually dating from the 12th century, a tax for the benefit of the Church that was only repealed by the [[Cortes of Cádiz]] in 1812.<ref>{{in lang|es}}[http://www.ayuntamientodeclavijo.org/El_Voto_de_Santiago.1815.0.html El Voto de Santiago], ayuntamientodeclavijo.org (official web site of the city of [[Clavijo]] ([[La Rioja (Spain)|La Rioja]], Spain).</ref>