Editing Quinine (section)

===Beverages===
{{See also|Tonic water}}
[[File:Tonic water uv.jpg|thumb|[[Tonic water]], in normal light and ultraviolet "[[black light]]". The quinine content of tonic water causes it to [[fluorescence|fluoresce]] under black light.]]
Quinine is a flavor component of [[tonic water]] and [[bitter lemon]] [[soft drinks]]. On the [[soda gun]] behind many bars, tonic water is designated by the letter "Q" representing quinine.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Charming C |title=Miss Charming's Guide for Hip Bartenders and Wayout Wannabes |page=189 |year=2006 |publisher=Sourcebooks, Inc. |location=USA |isbn=978-1-4022-0804-1 }}</ref>

Tonic water was initially marketed as a means of delivering quinine to consumers in order to offer anti-malarial protection. According to tradition, because of the bitter taste of anti-[[malaria]]l quinine tonic, British colonials in India mixed it with [[gin]] to make it more palatable, thus creating the [[gin and tonic]] cocktail, which is still popular today.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Khosla S |title=Gin and Tonic: The fascinating story behind the invention of the classic English cocktail |url=https://www.india.com/lifestyle/gin-and-tonic-the-fascinating-story-behind-the-invention-of-the-classic-english-cocktail-1934782/ |website=India.com |access-date=8 June 2019|date=17 March 2017 }}</ref> While it is possible to drink enough tonic water to temporarily achieve quinine levels that offer anti-malarial protection, it is not a sustainable long-term means of protection.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Meyer CG, Marks F, May J | title = Editorial: Gin tonic revisited | journal = Tropical Medicine & International Health | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = 1239–1240 | date = December 2004 | pmid = 15598254 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01357.x | s2cid = 24261782 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

In France, quinine is an ingredient of an {{lang|fr|[[apéritif]]}} known as {{lang|fr|[[quinquina]]}}, or ''"Cap Corse"'', and the wine-based {{lang|fr|apéritif}} [[Dubonnet]]. In Spain, quinine (also known as "Peruvian bark" for its origin from the native cinchona tree) is sometimes blended into sweet [[Malaga (wine)|Malaga wine]], which is then called ''"Malaga Quina"''. In Italy, the traditional flavoured wine [[Barolo#Barolo Chinato|Barolo Chinato]] is infused with quinine and local herbs, and is served as a {{Lang|fr|[[digestif]]}}. In Britain, the company [[A.G. Barr]] uses quinine as an ingredient in the carbonated and [[caffeinated beverage]] [[Irn-Bru]]. In Uruguay and Argentina, quinine is an ingredient of a [[PepsiCo]] tonic water named [[Paso de los Toros (drink)|Paso de los Toros]]. In Denmark, it is used as an ingredient in the carbonated sports drink [[Faxe Kondi]] made by [[Royal Unibrew]].

As a flavouring agent in drinks, quinine is limited to 83&nbsp;[[Parts per million|ppm]] ({{nowrap|83 mg/L}}) in the United States,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ballestero JA, Plazas PV, Kracun S, Gómez-Casati ME, Taranda J, Rothlin CV, Katz E, Millar NS, Elgoyhen AB | title = Effects of quinine, quinidine, and chloroquine on alpha9alpha10 nicotinic cholinergic receptors | journal = Molecular Pharmacology | volume = 68 | issue = 3 | pages = 822–829 | date = September 2005 | pmid = 15955868 | doi = 10.1124/mol.105.014431 | s2cid = 26907917 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=21 CFR 172.575 -- Quinine. |url=https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-172/subpart-F/section-172.575 |website=www.ecfr.gov |language=en}}</ref> to 85&nbsp;mg/L in Taiwan,<ref>{{cite web |title=食品添加物使用範圍及限量暨規格標準 |url=https://rc.csmu.edu.tw/var/file/18/1018/img/1581/339191880.pdf |date=2020-04-14|page=104}}</ref> and to 100&nbsp;mg/L in the European Union.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 35, Revision 1 (FGE.35Rev1): Three quinine salts from the Priority list from chemical group 30 |journal=EFSA Journal |date=September 2015 |volume=13 |issue=9 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4245|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 872/2012|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1507509835974&uri=CELEX:32012R0872|website=EUR-Lex|publisher=Official Journal of the European Union|access-date=9 October 2017}}</ref>

Direct use of [[cinchona bark]] in beverages is also allowed in the US, with a maximum allowded total cinchona alkaloid level of 83&nbsp;ppm in the finished beverage.<ref>{{cite web |title=21 CFR 172.510 -- Natural flavoring substances and natural substances used in conjunction with flavors. |url=https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-172/subpart-F/section-172.510 |website=www.ecfr.gov |language=en |quote=Cinchona, red, bark}}</ref>