Editing Quercus velutina (section)

=== Associated plant species ===
Common tree associates of black oak are white oak (''[[Quercus alba]]''), northern red oak (''[[Quercus rubra]]''), pignut hickory (''[[Carya glabra]]''), [[mockernut hickory]] (''C.&nbsp;tomentosa''), [[bitternut hickory]] (''C.&nbsp;cordiformis''), and [[shagbark hickory]] (''C.&nbsp;ovata''); American elm (''[[Ulmus americana]]'') and [[slippery elm]] (''U.&nbsp;rubra''); white ash (''[[Fraxinus americana]]''); black walnut (''[[Juglans nigra]]'') and [[butternut tree|butternut]] (''J.&nbsp;cinerea''); scarlet oak (''[[Quercus coccinea]]''), [[southern red oak]] (''Q.&nbsp;falcata''), and [[chinkapin oak]] (''Q.&nbsp;muehlenbergii''); red maple (''[[Acer rubrum]]'') and [[sugar maple]] (''A.&nbsp;saccharum''); black cherry (''[[Prunus serotina]]''); and blackgum (''[[Nyssa sylvatica]]'').{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

Common small tree associates of black oak include flowering dogwood (''[[Cornus florida]]''), sourwood (''[[Oxydendrum arboreum]]''), sassafras (''[[Sassafras albidum]]''), eastern hophornbeam (''[[Ostrya virginiana]]''), redbud (''[[Cercis canadensis]]''), pawpaw (''[[Asimina triloba]]''), downy serviceberry (''[[Amelanchier arborea]]''), and American bladdernut (''[[Staphylea trifolia]]''). Common shrubs include ''[[Vaccinium]]'' spp., mountain-laurel (''[[Kalmia latifolia]]''), witch-hazel (''[[Hamamelis virginiana]]''), beaked hazel (''[[Corylus cornuta]]''), spicebush (''[[Lindera benzoin]]''), [[sumac]] (''Rhus'' spp.), and ''[[Viburnum]]'' spp. The most common vines are greenbrier (''[[Smilax]]'' spp.), grape (''[[Vitis]]'' spp.), poison-ivy (''[[Toxicodendron radicans]]''), and Virginia creeper (''[[Parthenocissus quinquefolia]]'').{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

Black oak is often a predominant species in the canopy of an [[oak–heath forest]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090115181617/http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/ncTIIIe.shtml ''The Natural Communities of Virginia Classification of Ecological Community Groups'']. (Version 2.3), Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, 2010</ref><ref>Schafale, M. P. and Weakley, A. S. (1990). ''Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina: third approximation''. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation.</ref>