Editing Punk fashion (section)

==Different styles==
Various factions of the punk subculture have different fashion styles, although there is often crossover between the subgroups. The following are descriptions of some of the most common punk styles, categorized alphabetically.

===Anarcho-punk===
[[File:Total Chaos Punx.jpg|thumb|Anarcho-punk band [[Total Chaos]] in all-black clothing]]
[[Anarcho-punk]] fashion usually features all-black militaristic clothing, a style that was pioneered by the English punk band [[Crass]].<ref name="Glasper ">{{Cite book |last=Glasper |first=Ian |title=The Day the Country Died: A History of Anarcho Punk 1980 to 1984 |date=2006 |publisher=Cherry Red publishing |isbn=978-1-901447-70-5 |pages=197–8}}</ref> A prominent feature is the heavy use of anarchist symbols and slogans on clothing items. Some who define themselves as anarcho-punks opt to wear clothing similar to traditional punk fashions or that of crust punks, but not often to the extreme of either subculture. Mohawk hairstyles and liberty spikes are seen. Tight trousers, bands T-shirts and boots are common. Hairstyling products often are used only if the company that manufactures it did not test them on animals. Leather often avoided due to [[veganism]], may be replaced with imitation leather or cloth in a similar design as leather products.

===Celtic punk===
Fans of [[Celtic punk]] often mix [[hardcore punk|hardcore]], [[street punk]], [[Oi!]] and [[skinhead]] fashions with traditional Irish or Scottish clothing styles, including elements of [[highland dress]].<ref name="Sweers" /> Common items include boots, sneakers, jeans, work trousers, [[kilt]]s, [[grandfather shirt]]s, [[T-shirt]]s, [[hoodie]]s, [[Suspenders|braces]], black [[leather jacket]]s, [[peacoat]]s, [[donkey jacket]]s, [[football shirt]]s, [[flat cap]]s, [[tuque]]s, [[Tam o' Shanter (cap)|Tam O'Shanter caps]] and [[Trilby]] hats. Hair is usually cut relatively short.<ref name="Sweers">{{Cite book |last=Sweers |first=B |url=https://archive.org/details/electricfolkchan00swee_830 |title=Electric Folk: Changing Face of English Traditional Music |date=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0195174786 |location=Oxford |pages=[https://archive.org/details/electricfolkchan00swee_830/page/n213 197]–8 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

===Cowpunk===
{{main|Cowpunk}}
The cowpunk clothing style is a stereotypical [[Rural areas in the United States|U.S. rural]], [[working class]], [[western wear]] form of dress. Cowpunks may wear anything from a vintage [[western wear]] look, including [[checked shirt]]s, bib [[overalls]], [[Stone washing|worn jeans]], and [[cowboy boot]]s, to a more industrial look with [[Wifebeater (shirt)|wifebeater shirts]], [[trucker hat]]s, and [[work boot]]s. Women's hair follows no single style, but men can have anything from a [[crew cut]] to long hair, or the exaggerated [[quiff]] pompadour hairstyle. Facial hair is also common.<ref name="apparelsearch">{{cite web |title=Cowpunk Fashion Influence |url=https://www.apparelsearch.com/terms/p/punk-categories/cowpunk_fashion.html |publisher=Apparel Search Fashion Guide |access-date=2022-04-22}}</ref>

===Crust punk===
{{Main|Crusties}}
[[File:Crust punk fans.jpg|thumb|A group of crust punk fans or "[[crusties]]"]]
[[Crust punk]] can be traced back to Bristol (UK). In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Bristol bands like Disorder, Chaos UK, Lunatic Fringe, Amebix, broke from the usual punk fashion confines, creating a disheveled DIY look originating in squatting and poverty. Typical crust punk fashion includes black or [[Military camouflage|camouflage]] trousers or shorts (heavy work pants are popular for their durability), torn band T-shirts or hoodies, [[Slim-fit pants|skin tight black jeans]], [[Kutte|vests]] and jackets (commonly black denim), bullet belts, jewellery made from hemp or found objects, and sometimes [[bum flap]]s. Many items of clothing are covered in patches and/or metal studs. Often, the patches display a political message. Clothing tends to be unsanitary by conventional standards, and [[dreadlocks]] are popular.<ref name="decibel">{{Cite journal |last=Stewart-Panko |first=Kevin |date=August 2008 |title=I Saw Disfear Three Times in Three Days |journal=Decibel |volume=46 |page=22}}</ref>

Crust punks sometimes sew articles of clothing with found or cheaply bought materials, such as dental floss. Pants are sometimes held up with [[twine|string]], [[hemp]], or vegan-friendly imitation leather. This fashion has also been used by [[Folk Punk]] fans and musicians, notably [[Days N Daze]], [[Blackbird Raum]], and [[The Psalters]].<ref name="decibel" />

===Dance-punk===
[[Dance-punk]] fashions include [[day-glo]] colors, [[phat pants]], [[glowsticks]], leather studded jackets, chains and [[combat boots]]. Typical haircuts include [[spiky hair]] bleached blond, short mohawks and synthetic [[dreadlocks]].{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}

===Dark cabaret and Gypsy punk===
Fans of [[dark cabaret]] and [[Gypsy punk]] often imitate the costumes of 1920s [[music hall]], sideshow or [[burlesque]] performers, pejoratively referred to by some modern critics as "once fashionable trash."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bradshaw |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lOoApCohpNEC |title=Punk; A Directory of Modern Subversive Culture |date=1 January 2007 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=9781430321545 |access-date=6 July 2016 |via=Google Books}}{{self-published source|date=June 2020}}</ref>{{self-published inline|date=February 2020}} Women such as Amanda Palmer of the [[Dresden Dolls]] sometimes combine [[fetish wear]] such as [[garter belt]]s, [[fishnet]] [[stocking]]s or [[corset]]s with dress clothing, such as a [[top hat]] and [[tailcoat]], or traditional [[Romani people|Romani]] dress such as [[shawl]]s,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Silverman |first=Carol |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lw-Byail0EkC&q=punk%20cabaret&pg=PA264 |title=Romani Routes: Cultural Politics and Balkan Music in Diaspora |date=24 May 2012 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=9780195300949 |access-date=6 July 2016 |via=Google Books}}</ref> [[hoop earrings]] or colorful skirts. Men often wear vintage [[Bowler hat]]s, battered [[fedora]]s, [[tweed cloth]] vests with more typical street punk fashions such as [[drainpipe trousers]] or heavy boots. Some artists, including [[Martyn Jacques]] of the [[Tiger Lillies]], wear white makeup inspired by French [[mime artist]]s and the [[Emcee]] from [[Cabaret (musical)|Cabaret]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - The Tiger Lillies |url=http://www.tigerlillies.com/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |publisher=Feast Creative}}</ref>

===Garage punk===
[[File:Mudhoney June 2007.jpg|thumb|right|Contemporary garage punk band [[Mudhoney]]]]
[[Garage punk (fusion genre)|Garage punk]] bands of the 1970s like [[MC5]], [[Iggy and the Stooges]], [[the Flamin' Groovies]] and the [[Ramones]] often wore secondhand clothing from the mid-late 1960s, such as velvet jackets, slim-fitting grey suits, black [[leather jacket]]s, [[winklepicker]]s and [[drainpipe jeans]], in reaction to the [[flared trousers]] worn by [[hippie]]s and [[disco]] fans.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bovey |first=Seth |title=Don't Tread on Me: The Ethos of '60s Garage Punk |date=2006 |work=Popular Music & Society |publisher=Routledge |volume=29 |pages=451–459 |issue=4}}</ref> Their hair was generally worn long, as was then fashionable in the 1970s, but some fans opted for [[buzzcut]]s or [[Caesar cut]]s, previously associated with [[Mod (subculture)#Decline and offshoots|hard mods]] and [[Suedehead (subculture)|bootboys]]. Following the 1980s [[garage rock revival]], garage punk bands tended to dress more casually, with less overtly 1960s clothing. However, the original garage punk look remained a big influence among British [[indie rock]] groups during the mid and late-2000s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Simpson |first=P. |url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetocult00simp/page/42 |title=The Rough Guide to Cult Pop |date=2003 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=978-1-84353-229-3 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/roughguidetocult00simp/page/42 42] |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Roach |first=M. |title=This Is It-: the First Biography of the Strokes |date=2003 |publisher=Omnibus Press |isbn=978-0-7119-9601-4 |location=London |page=86}}</ref>

===Glam punk===
Contemporary to the garage bands of the early 1970s, [[glam punk]] fashion, pioneered by bands like the [[New York Dolls]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=P. Auslander |url=https://www.press.umich.edu/11477/performing_glam_rock |title=Performing Glam Rock: Gender and Theatricality in Popular Music |date=2006 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=0-7546-4057-4 |location=Ann Arbor, MI |pages=222–223}}</ref> includes [[glitter]], androgynous make-up, brightly dyed hair, [[Slim-fit pants|drainpipe jeans]], bright colours like [[Electric blue (color)|electric blue]], elements of leather [[fetish wear]], and unusual costumes like leopard print, [[spandex]], or [[satin]] shirts. Leftover [[baroque pop]] clothing like ruffled [[pirate shirt]]s or brocade were also worn, together with more typical [[glam rock]] fashions like [[platform boots]], [[tartan]], [[kipper tie]]s, and metallic silver clothing like [[jumpsuit]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Strong |first=Martin C. |title=The Great Rock Discography |date=2000 |publisher=Mojo Books |isbn=1841950173 |edition=5 |location=Edinburgh |pages=694–695}}</ref>

===Hardcore punk===
There are several styles of dress within the [[Hardcore punk|hardcore]] scene, and styles have changed since the genre started as ''hardcore punk'' in the late 1970s. What is fashionable in one branch of the hardcore scene may be frowned upon in another; however, generally, personal comfort and the ability to [[mosh]] during the heavily physical, frenetic, and energetic live hardcore punk shows are highly influential in this style. For this reason, jewellery, spikes, chains and spiky hair are more uncommon and discouraged in hardcore fashion. Ultimately, hardcore punk fashion is usually more understated, working class, and casual compared to some more elaborate punk styles, in part as a response to the physical demands of hardcore punk shows and in part as a working class or more "authentic" backlash response against the perceived increasingly fashion-oriented or pretentious developments within the established punk scene.

Plain [[working class]] dress and short hair<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hannon |first=Sharon M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5CrUGq8t77kC |title=Punks: A Guide to an American Subculture |date=1 January 2010 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313364563 |access-date=6 July 2016 |via=Google Books}}</ref> (with the exception of [[dreadlocks]]) are usually associated with hardcore punk. Mute colors and minimal adornment are usually common. Elements of hardcore clothing include baggy jeans or work pants (such as [[Dickies]]), [[khaki]]s or cargo pants, athletic wear, [[tracksuits]], cargo or military shorts, band T-shirts, plain T-shirts, muscle shirts, [[flannel]] or [[Tartan|plaid]] shirts, and band [[hoodie]]s. The [[leather jacket]]s and [[denim]] jackets associated with punk fashion remain common in hardcore punk, though hardcore punk also prominently features [[bomber jacket]]s and [[track jacket]]s unlike other punk fashions. Common sneakers include classic [[Adidas Originals]], [[Asics]], [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]], [[New Balance]], [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]], [[Pony International|Pony]], [[Puma AG|Puma]], [[Reebok]], [[Saucony]] and [[Vans]]. Boots are also somewhat common, especially [[Dr. Martens]].

[[Hardcore skinhead]]s, sometimes known as "American punk skinheads," are characterised by some of the same items as British skinhead fashion, but hardcore skinhead dress is considerably less strict than [[Trojan skinhead|traditional skinhead]] or [[Punk fashion#Street punk and Oi!|oi! skinhead]] style.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}

===Horror punk and deathrock===
[[File:Wave Gotik Treffen 2007.jpg|thumb|right|Death-rockers in 2007]]
[[Horror punk]] and [[deathrock]] fashions are similar to [[goth fashion]]. Black is the predominant shade. Deathrock and horror punk incorporate "sexy" items such as fishnet stockings, corsets and elaborate make-up for men and women. The use of occult and horror imagery is prevalent on T-shirts, buttons, patches and jewellery. Other common adornments include band names painted on jackets or bleached into clothes, as well as buttons or patches indicating cities. The initials D and R (for ''Death Rock'') is sometimes part of a crossbones logo, accompanied by other initials, such as C and A for California, N and Y for New York, or G and R for Germany. Hair may be in a deathhawk style (a wider teased-out variant of the [[mohawk hairstyle]]), an angled [[bangs (hair)|bangs]] style, or a [[devilock]] style.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}

===Pop punk===
[[Pop punk]] fashion, sometimes overlaps with skater punk fashion. Originally this consisted of black or [[tartan]] baggy pants (sometimes fitted with studs and eyelets), band hoodies, wristbands, [[patrol cap]]s, pyramid stud belts, dress shirts with thin ties or scarves, [[blazer]]s and spiky hair or fauxhawks. In the [[2000s in fashion#Scene kids|mid-2000s]], pop-punk fashion, influenced by [[indie rock]], [[hip hop]] and [[emo]] fashions, evolved to include cartoon print [[hoodie]]s, [[Converse (shoe company)|Converse]] shoes, [[keffiyeh]]s and [[skinny jeans]]. [[Spiky hair]] was gradually replaced by skater styles with long fringes or [[bangs (hair)|bangs]]. In the 2010s, [[Trendies|pop punk fans]] took on a more hardcore look, with shorter hair (including [[Liberty spikes]] and a wide [[Mohawk hairstyle|Mohawk]] combined with a fringe), plain [[hoodie]]s and straight-leg jeans.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}

===Psychobilly===
[[File:HorrorPops live 03.jpg|thumb|Contemporary psychobilly band the [[Horrorpops]]]]
[[Psychobilly]] fashion combines elements of punk with 1950s [[Greaser (subculture)|Greaser]] and British [[Teddy Boy]] fashions. [[Brothel creepers]] are frequently worn, as well as leather jackets, gas-station shirts, black or white retro T-shirts, dark-colored drape jackets and vintage motorcycle/work boots. Hair consists of a [[quiff]], [[pompadour (hairstyle)|pompadour]] or psychobilly wedge, usually with the sides shaved into a mohawk. Clothing is usually adorned with motifs inspired by classic American horror films or art-styles inspired by [[Ed "Big Daddy" Roth]]. This subculture is strongly associated with the [[Kustom Kulture]] movement.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}

===Ska punk===
[[Ska punk]] fans typically dress in a style that mixes typical [[ska]]- or [[2 Tone (music genre)|2 Tone]]-related fashions, with various types of punk fashions, including [[street punk]], [[pop punk]], [[skate punk]] or [[hardcore punk]]. [[Suspenders|Braces]] are popular, as are [[Harrington jacket]]s with [[royal Stewart tartan]] lining, thin ties, [[Doc Martens]], [[mohair]] suits, [[pork pie hat]]s, [[tonik suit]]s (especially in the early years of the 1980s ska revival),<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mighty Mighty Bosstones - Biography, Albums, & Streaming Radio - AllMusic |website=[[AllMusic]] |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-mighty-mighty-bosstones-mn0000891032 |access-date=6 July 2016}}</ref> tank tops, [[Ben Sherman]] or [[Fred Perry]] [[polo shirt]]s, [[hoodie]]s, and [[checkerboard pattern]]s. Hair is cropped very short in imitation of [[hardcore punk]] bands and early 1960s [[rude boy]]s. as of 1990s and today many ska fans dressed out normally with regular or simple clothing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2010 |title=Explore: Third WaveIJS Ska Revival - AllMusic |website=[[AllMusic]] |url=http://allmusic.com/explore/style/third-wave-ska-revival-d2773 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209193213/http://allmusic.com/explore/style/third-wave-ska-revival-d2773 |archive-date=December 9, 2010 |access-date=6 July 2016}}</ref>

===Skate punk===
{{main|Skate punk}}
Skate punk is a derivative of hardcore fashion and is chosen with comfort and practicality in mind. Common [[skate punk]] clothing items include T-shirts, flannel button-down shirts, hooded sweatshirts, webbing belts, and khaki shorts, pants or jeans. Some punks, especially in Southern California, mirror Latino gang styles, including khaki [[Dickies]] work pants, white T-shirts and colored [[bandana]]s. While some skateboarders have long and messy hair, skate punks usually have short hair, often shaved into a buzzcut, and wear little jewelry.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}

===Street punk and Oi!===
In general, contemporary [[street punk]]s wear leather, denim, metal spikes or studs, chains and military-style boots. They often wear elements of early punk fashion, such as [[kutte]]n vests, bondage trousers (often plaid) and torn clothing. [[DIY ethic|DIY]]-created and modified clothing, such as ripped or stitched-together trousers or shirts, or trousers that are tightly tapered, are common. Jackets and vests often have patches or are painted with logos that express musical tastes or political views. Bullet belts and belts with metal studs are popular. Hair is often spiked and/or dyed in bright, unnatural colors and arranged into a [[mohawk hairstyle|mohawk]] or [[liberty spikes]], but it is sometimes cut very short or shaved.

[[Oi!]] [[skinhead]]s, sometimes known as skunks or punk-skinheads, fuse [[Trojan skinhead|traditional skinhead]] style with street punk fashions. The look is characterised by [[Dr. Martens]] boots (or similar boots made by a different brand), [[suspenders|braces]], and tight rolled-up jeans, sometimes splattered with bleach. Other common items are T-shirts (featuring band names, political beliefs or other text and images relevant to skinhead culture) and denim jackets or [[flight jacket]]s. These jackets are sometimes decorated with buttons or patches, and in the case of the denim jackets, sometimes splattered with bleach. Hair is typically shaved shorter than with [[Trojan skinhead|traditional skinheads]]. Other items from traditional skinhead fashion (e.g. [[Fred Perry]] and [[Ben Sherman]] shirts) and, to a lesser extent, punk fashion items (e.g. short mohawk hairstyles, metal studs on jackets) are also sometimes worn.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Petridis |first=Alexis |date=18 March 2010 |title=Misunderstood or hateful? Oi!'s rise and fall |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/mar/18/oi-cockney-rejects-garry-bushell-interview |access-date=6 July 2016}}</ref>

====Droog<!--'Clockwork Orange Punks' and 'Clockwork Orange punks' redirect here-->====
During the early 1980s, some [[street punk]]s and [[Oi!]] [[skinhead]]s adopted elements of the dress style from the film ''[[A Clockwork Orange (film)|A Clockwork Orange]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rose |first=Steve |date=October 28, 2013 |title=A Clockwork Orange: The droog rides again |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/may/11/a-clockwork-orange-cannes |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2013 |title=Clockwork punk top bands |url=http://www.last.fm/tag/clockwork%20punk |website=Last.FM}}</ref> On stage, bands like [[The Adicts]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Forman |first=Bill |date=2011-03-03 |title=Viva la evolution |url=http://www.csindy.com/coloradosprings/viva-la-evolution/Content?oid=2073080 |access-date=2016-07-06 |website=The Colorado Springs Independent |archive-date=2016-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814155354/http://www.csindy.com/coloradosprings/viva-la-evolution/Content?oid=2073080 |url-status=dead }}</ref> or more recently The Bolokos and Japan's Hat Trickers,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shepyer |first=Rob |date=2019-03-10 |title=Real Horror Show: Hat Trickers and Lower Class Brats at the Bootleg Theater |url=http://www.jankysmooth.com/hat-trickers-lower-class-brats-bootleg-theatre-05-10-2019 |access-date=2020-03-27 |website=Janky Smooth}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-12 |title=Live Report of and Interview with Hat Trickers in Tokyo |url=https://www.jame-world.com/en/article/138550-live-report-of-and-interview-with-hat-trickers-in-tokyo.html |access-date=2020-03-27 |website=JaME}}</ref> often wear [[bowler hat]]s, white shirts, white trousers, [[suspenders|braces]], and black [[combat boot]]s in imitation of Alex De Large, the protagonist of the film and novel.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Larkin |first=Colin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hrs7AQAAIAAJ |title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Eighties Music |date=1997 |publisher=Virgin |isbn=0753501597 |page=19}}</ref> Some fans also wore fishtail coats, although more often they wore black leather [[biker jacket]]s or long black [[Crombie (clothing)|Crombie]] coats.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}

=== Rivethead ===
{{main|Rivethead}}
A "rivethead" or "rivet head" is a person associated with the [[industrial dance music]] scene.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Goodlad |first1=Lauren M. E. |title=Goth. Undead subculture |last2=Bibby |first2=Michael |publisher=Duke University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0822339212 |page=47}}</ref> In stark contrast to the original [[Industrial music|industrial culture]], whose performers and heterogeneous audience were sometimes referred to as "industrialists", the rivethead scene is a coherent [[youth culture]] closely linked to a discernible fashion style. The scene emerged in the late 1980s<ref name="steele">{{Cite book |last1=Steele |first1=Valerie |title=Gothic: Dark Glamour |last2=Park |first2=Jennifer |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0300136944 |page=48}}</ref> on the basis of [[electro-industrial]], [[Electronic body music|EBM]], and [[industrial rock]] music. The associated dress style draws on military fashion and punk aesthetics{{sfn|Goodlad|Bibby|2007| page= 69}} with hints of [[fetish fashion|fetish wear]], mainly inspired by the scene's musical protagonists.