Editing Psychoanalysis (section)

===Touching infinity===
[[File:Neurology Freud's three Instances.png|thumb|right|310px|The three instances of the [[Structural model of the psyche|structural model]], combinated with findings of modern neurology. The drawing refers to the basic theses of Freuds metapsychology. According to it, the ''soul'' with its innate needs, consciousness and memory resembles a ''"psychic apparatus"'' to which ''"[[Spatial cognition|spatial extension]] and composition of several parts can be attributed (...)"'' and whose ''"location ... is the brain (nervous system)"''.<ref>Sigmund Freud: ''Abriß der Psychoanalyse''. (1938), p. 6</ref> Decisive for this view of Freud was his ''[[Project for a Scientific Psychology]]''. Written in 1895, he develops there the thesis that the brain is able to store experiences in its neuronal network through ''"a permanent change after an event"'': one of the superego's main functions.]]

Not least, this includes the fact that the [[Neuropsychoanalysis|neurological branch]] of psychoanalysis recently provided evidence that the brain stores experiences in specialised neuronal networks (memory function of the superego) and that the ego performs its highest focus of conscious thinking in [[frontal lobe]].<ref name="PS">{{Cite journal |last1=Centonze |first1=Diego |last2=Siracusano |first2=Alberto |last3=Calabresi |first3=Paolo |last4=Bernardi |first4=Giorgio |date=November 2004 |title=The Project for a Scientific Psychology (1895): a Freudian anticipation of LTP-memory connection theory |journal=Brain Research Reviews |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=310–314 |doi=10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.07.006 |issn=0165-0173 |pmid=15571772 |s2cid=7871434}}</ref><ref name="HP" /> In some respects, Freud himself embodies the founder of this field of modern research. Parallel to the consolidation of psychoanalysis, however, he turned away from it with the argument that ''consciousness'' is directly given – cannot be explained by insights into physiological connections. Essentially, only two things were known about the living soul: The brain with its nervous system extending over the entire organism and the acts of consciousness. In Freud's view, therefore any number of phenomena can be integrated between "both endpoints of our knowledge" (findings of modern neurology just as well as the position of our planet in the universe, for example), but this only contribute to the spatial "localisation of the acts of consciousness", not to their understanding.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Freud |first1=Sigmund |title=Abriß der Psychoanalyse, Gesammelte Werke |date=1940 |pages=63−138, here S. 67}}</ref>

With reference to Descartes, contemporary neuropsychoanalysts explain this situation as [[mind-body dichotomy]], namely both as two total different kinds of 'stuff': the physical matter as the ''object'', and the mentally conscious ego as the ''subject'', which cannot objectify itself in itself (as ‘pure spirit’) but only via the ‘reflective’ diversions of its corporal matter. With regard to Freud's libido (which branches out into its ''mental'' and ''bodily'' areas in a [[complementary]] way) they call this dichotomy the "dual-aspect monism".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Radner|first=Daisie|date=1971|title=Descartes' Notion of the Union of Mind and Body|journal=Journal of the History of Philosophy|volume=9|issue=2|pages=159–170|doi=10.1353/hph.2008.1109|s2cid=144808035|issn=1538-4586}}</ref> It touches on the point of psychoanalysis that is most difficult to grasp with the means of empirically based sciences – in fact, only under Kant's assumption that living systems always make judgements about the phenomena they perceive with regard to the satisfaction of their immanent needs. Freud therefore conceptualised the libido as a [[Teleology|teleological]] element of his threefold model of the soul, as a desiring energy that links cause and ''purpose'', and not as a mere ‘[[Causality (physics)|effect]]’. The libido, as universally desiring energy like Plato's [[Eros (concept)|Eros]], embodies both the ''psychic'' drive source of all instinctual needs of living beings and the [[First Cause|first cause]] of their ''physical'' development. In this way, sexual behaviour realises Darwin's law of [[natural selection]] by ''favouring'' the [[Survival of the fittest|best-fitting]] and aesthetically well-proportioned body forms in reproduction.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Freud |first1=Sigmund |title=Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie |pages=Kap. 2, Abschnitt Beschauen und Betasten Consideration of a teleological effect behind the evolutionary processes of ‘’mutation and natural selection‘’, which Freud generally bases on the excitability of libidinal energy.)}}</ref> Freud was no less familiar with the energetic-economic aspect of evolution and psychological processes (cf. his definition of the three metapsychological coordinates)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Freud |first=Sigmund |title=Gesammelte Werke. Bd. 14 |pages=85 |chapter=Selbstdarstellung}}</ref> than with the [[Transcendentals|transcendentaly unified trinity]] of Plato's philosophy, according to which Truth expresses the Good and the Beauty in equal measure, anchored in the proportions of the [[golden ratio]].