Editing Psychedelic drug (section)

===Traditional===
[[File:Ayahuasca prep.JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|Preparation of [[Ayahuasca]], province of [[Pastaza Province|Pastaza]], Ecuador]]
[[File:Psilocybe Mushrooms statues.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15 |Religious statues involving Psilocybe Mushrooms]]
[[File:Echinopsis pachanoi en Huaraz.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15 |''Echinopsis pachanoi'' in Peru]]

A number of frequently mentioned or traditional psychedelics such as ''[[Ayahuasca]]'' (which contains [[N,N-Dimethyltryptamine|DMT]]), [[Trichocereus macrogonus|San Pedro]], [[Peyote]], and [[Echinopsis peruviana|Peruvian torch]] (which all contain [[mescaline]]), [[Psilocybe mushrooms]] (which contain [[psilocin]]/[[psilocybin]]) and ''[[Tabernanthe iboga]]'' (which contains the unique psychedelic [[ibogaine]]) all have a long and extensive history of [[Spirituality|spiritual]], [[shamanic]] and traditional usage by [[indigenous peoples]] in various world regions, particularly in Latin America, but also [[Gabon]], Africa in the case of iboga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carlini |first1=E. A. |last2=Maia |first2=Lucas O. |title=Plant Toxins |chapter=Plant and Fungal Hallucinogens as Toxic and Therapeutic Agents |series=Toxinology |date=2020 |pages=1–44 |doi=10.1007/978-94-007-6728-7_6-2 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-94-007-6728-7_6-2 |access-date=23 February 2022 |publisher=Springer Netherlands |isbn=978-94-007-6728-7 |s2cid=239438352 |language=en}}</ref> Different countries and/or regions have come to be associated with traditional or spiritual use of particular psychedelics, such as the ancient and entheogenic use of psilocybe mushrooms by the native [[Mazatec]] people of [[Oaxaca]], Mexico<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Psychedelics: How the Mazatec Tribe Brought Entheogens to the World |url=https://psychedelictimes.com/history-of-psychedelics-how-the-mazatec-tribe-brought-entheogens-to-the-world/ |website=Psychedelic Times |access-date=23 February 2022 |date=28 October 2015}}</ref> or the use of the ayahuasca brew in the [[Amazon basin]], particularly in Peru for spiritual and physical healing as well as for religious festivals.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ismael Eduardo Apud Peláez. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1229544084|title=Ayahuasca: Between Cognition and Culture|date=2020|publisher=Publicacions Universitat Rovira i Virgili|isbn=978-84-8424-834-7|oclc=1229544084}}</ref> Peyote has also been used for several thousand years in the [[Lower Rio Grande Valley|Rio Grande Valley]] in North America by native tribes as an [[entheogen]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Prince |first1=Mark A. |last2=O'Donnell |first2=Maeve B. |last3=Stanley |first3=Linda R. |last4=Swaim |first4=Randall C. |title=Examination of Recreational and Spiritual Peyote Use Among American Indian Youth |journal=Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs |date=May 2019 |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=366–370 |doi=10.15288/jsad.2019.80.366 |pmid=31250802 |pmc=6614926 }}</ref> In the [[Andes|Andean]] region of South America, the San Pedro cactus ([[Trichocereus macrogonus var. pachanoi|''Trichocereus macrogonus'' var. ''pachanoi'']], syn. ''[[Echinopsis pachanoi]]'') has a long history of use, possibly as a [[traditional medicine]]. Archaeological studies have found evidence of use going back two thousand years, to [[Moche (culture)|Moche]] culture,<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Bussmann RW, Sharon D |title=Traditional medicinal plant use in Northern Peru: tracking two thousand years of healing culture |journal=J Ethnobiol Ethnomed |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=47 |year=2006 |pmid=17090303 |pmc=1637095 |doi=10.1186/1746-4269-2-47 |doi-access=free }}
</ref> [[Nazca culture]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Socha |first1=Dagmara M. |last2=Sykutera |first2=Marzena |last3=Orefici |first3=Giuseppe |date=2022-12-01 |title=Use of psychoactive and stimulant plants on the south coast of Peru from the Early Intermediate to Late Intermediate Period |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |language=en |volume=148 |pages=105688 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2022.105688 |s2cid=252954052 |issn=0305-4403|doi-access=free |bibcode=2022JArSc.148j5688S }}</ref> and [[Chavín culture]]. Although authorities of the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] church attempted to suppress its use after the Spanish conquest,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Larco |first1=Laura |title=Más allá de los encantos – Documentos sobre extirpación de idolatrías, Trujillo |chapter=Archivo Arquidiocesano de Trujillo Sección Idolatrías. (Años 1768–1771) |series=Travaux de l'IFEA |date=2008 |publisher=IFEA Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, Fondo Editorial de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos |location=Lima |pages=67–87 |isbn=978-2-8218-4453-7 |url=https://books.openedition.org/ifea/4938 |access-date=April 9, 2020}}</ref> this failed, as shown by the Christian element in the common name "San Pedro cactus" – [[Saint Peter]] cactus. The name has its origin in the belief that just as St Peter holds the keys to heaven, the effects of the cactus allow users "to reach heaven while still on earth."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anderson |first=Edward F. |year=2001 |title=The Cactus Family |location=Pentland, Oregon |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=978-0-88192-498-5 }} pp. 45–49.</ref> In 2022, the Peruvian Ministry of Culture declared the traditional use of San Pedro cactus in northern Peru as [[cultural heritage]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-17 |title=Declaran Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación a los conocimientos, saberes y usos del cactus San Pedro |url=https://elperuano.pe/noticia/197142-declaran-patrimonio-cultural-de-la-nacion-a-los-conocimientos-saberes-y-usos-del-cactus-san-pedro |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=elperuano.pe |language=es}}</ref>

Although people of [[Western culture]] have tended to use psychedelics for either [[psychotherapeutic]] or [[Recreational drug use|recreational]] reasons, most indigenous cultures, particularly in South America, have seemingly tended to use psychedelics for more [[supernatural]] reasons such as [[divination]]. This can often be related to "healing" or health as well but typically in the context of finding out what is wrong with the individual, such as using psychedelic states to "identify" a disease and/or its cause, locate lost objects, and identify a victim or even perpetrator of [[Magic (supernatural)|sorcery]].<ref name="vice_4adngq">{{cite news |title= Psychedelics Weren't As Common in Ancient Cultures As We Think|url = https://www.vice.com/en/article/psychedelic-drug-use-in-ancient-indigenous-cultures/ |access-date=January 14, 2023 |work= Vice Media |publisher=Vice |date=December 10, 2020}}</ref> In some cultures and regions, even psychedelics themselves, such as ayahuasca and the psychedelic [[lichen]] of eastern Ecuador (''[[Dictyonema huaorani]]'') that supposedly contains both [[5-MeO-DMT]] and psilocybin, have also been used by witches and sorcerers to conduct their [[Maleficium (sorcery)|malicious magic]], similarly to [[nightshade]] [[deliriants]] like ''[[brugmansia]]'' and ''[[latua]]''.<ref name="vice_4adngq"/>{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}