Editing Poznań (section)

===11th to 16th centuries===
[[File:Złota Kaplica. Pomnik Mieszka I i Bolesława I Chrobrego (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Monument of [[Mieszko I]] and [[Bolesław I the Brave]] in Golden Chapel at [[Poznań Cathedral|Archcathedral Basilica]].]]
Following the [[baptism]], construction began of [[Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, Poznań|Poznań's cathedral]], the first in Poland. Poznań was probably the main seat of the first [[missionary]] bishop sent to Poland, [[Bishop Jordan]]. The [[Congress of Gniezno]] in 1000 led to the country's first permanent [[archbishopric]] being established in [[Gniezno]] (which is generally regarded as Poland's capital in that period), although Poznań continued to have independent bishops of its own. Poznań's cathedral was the place of burial of the early [[Piast dynasty|Piast]] monarchs, among them Mieszko I, [[Bolesław I the Brave]], [[Mieszko II of Poland|Mieszko II Lambert]], [[Casimir I of Poland|Casimir I]], and later of [[Przemysł I of Poland|Przemysł I]] and [[Przemysł II of Poland|Przemysł II]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Instytut Zachodni |date=1988 |title=Życie i myśl |volume=37 |issue=1–6 |location=Warszawa (Warsaw) |publisher=Pax |page=47 |oclc=473901657}}</ref>

The [[pagan reaction in Poland|pagan reaction]] that followed Mieszko II's death (probably in Poznań) in 1034 left the region weak, and in 1038, Duke [[Bretislaus I, Duke of Bohemia|Bretislaus I]] of [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]] sacked and destroyed both Poznań and Gniezno. Poland was reunited under [[Casimir the Restorer|Casimir I the Restorer]] in 1039, but the capital was moved to [[Kraków]], which had been relatively unaffected by the troubles. In 1138, by the [[Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty|testament of Boleslaus III]], Poland was divided into separate [[Duchy|duchies]] under the late king's sons, and Poznań and its surroundings became the domain of [[Mieszko III the Old]], the first of the [[Duchy of Greater Poland|Dukes of Greater Poland]]. This period of fragmentation lasted until 1320. Duchies frequently changed hands; control of Poznań, Gniezno and [[Kalisz]] sometimes lay with a single duke, but at other times these constituted separate duchies.

In about 1249, Duke [[Przemysł I]] began constructing what would become the [[Royal Castle, Poznan|Royal Castle]] on a hill on the left bank of the [[Warta]]. Then in 1253, Przemysł issued a charter to Thomas of [[Gubin, Poland|Gubin]] for the founding of a town under [[Magdeburg law]], between the castle and the river. Thomas brought a large number of German settlers to aid in the building and settlement of the city – this is an example of the German eastern migration ({{Lang|de|[[Ostsiedlung]]}}) characteristic of that period.<ref name=Brather87156159>{{cite book |last=Brather |first=Sebastian |title=Archäologie der westlichen Slawen. Siedlung, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im früh- und hochmittelalterlichen Ostmitteleuropa |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2001 |series=Ergänzungsbände zum [[Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde]] |volume=30 |pages=87, 156, 159 |isbn=3-11-017061-2 |language=de}}</ref><ref name=Brather87>{{cite book |last=Brather |first=Sebastian |title=Archäologie der westlichen Slawen. Siedlung, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im früh- und hochmittelalterlichen Ostmitteleuropa |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2001 |series=Ergänzungsbände zum [[Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde]] |volume=30 |page=87 |isbn=3-11-017061-2 |language=de |quote=Das städtische Bürgertum war auch in Polen und Böhmen zunächst überwiegend deutscher Herkunft. [English: Also in Poland and Bohemia were the burghers in the towns initially primarily of German origin.]}}</ref> The city, which covered the area of today's [[Poznań Old Town|Old Town]] neighbourhood, was surrounded by a defensive wall, integrated with the castle.<ref>{{cite book|title=God's Playground A History of Poland Volume 1: The Origins to 1795|author=Norman Davies|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2005|pages=65}}</ref> The royal chancery and the university ensured a first flourishing of Polish literary culture in the city.

[[File:Poznan Braun Hohenberg.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.4|Poznań, {{circa}} 1617, view from the north.]]

In reunited Poland, and later in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], Poznań was the seat of a [[Poznań Voivodeship (14th century to 1793)|voivodeship]]. The city's importance began to grow in the [[Jagiellonian dynasty|Jagiellonian]] period, due to its position on trading routes from [[Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]] and [[Ruthenia]] to western Europe. It would become a major center for the [[fur trade]] by the late 16th century. Suburban settlements developed around the city walls, on the river islands, and on the right bank, with some (Ostrów Tumski, [[Śródka, Poznań|Śródka]], Chwaliszewo, Ostrówek) obtaining their own town charters. However, the city's development was hampered by regular major fires and floods. On 2 May 1536 a fire destroyed 175 buildings, including the castle, the town hall, the monastery, and the [[suburb]]an settlement called St. Martin.<ref>J. Perles: ''Geschichte der Juden in Posen''. In: ''Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums''. Vol. 13, Breslau 1864, pp. 321–334 (in German, [https://books.google.com/books?id=z61K1O9KYooC&pg=PA323 online].)</ref> In 1519, the [[Lubrański Academy]] had been established in Poznań as an institution of higher education, but without the right to award degrees, which was reserved to Kraków's [[Jagiellonian University]]. However, the [[Jesuit College in Poznań|Jesuits' college]], founded in the city in 1571 during the [[Counter-Reformation]], had the right to award degrees from 1611 until 1773, when it was combined with the academy.