Editing Portugal (section)

=== Roman Portugal ===
{{Main|Lusitania|Gallaecia|Hispania}}
[[File:Évora - 49619137673.jpg|thumb|[[Roman Temple of Évora]], one of the best preserved landmarks of Roman presence in Portugal]]
Romans first invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 219 BC. The Carthaginians, Rome's opponent in the [[Punic Wars]], were expelled from their coastal colonies. During [[Julius Caesar]]'s rule, almost the entire peninsula was annexed to Rome. The conquest took two hundred years and many died, including those sentenced to work in slave mines or sold as slaves to other parts of the empire. Roman occupation suffered a setback in 155 BC, when a [[Lusitanian War|rebellion]] began in the north. The [[Lusitanians]] and other native tribes, under the leadership of [[Viriathus]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unrv.com/bio/viriathus.php|title=Viriathus And The Lusitanian War &#124; UNRV.com Roman History|website=unrv.com|access-date=6 July 2020|archive-date=7 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707020716/https://www.unrv.com/bio/viriathus.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IY5ABAAAQBAJ&q=viriathus+celtic+lusitania+academia&pg=PT268|title=Viriathus: And the Lusitanian Resistance to Rome, 155–139 BC|first=Luis|last=Silva|date=30 July 2013|publisher=Pen and Sword|isbn=978-1-4738-2689-2|via=Google Books|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=2 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202203317/https://books.google.com/books?id=IY5ABAAAQBAJ&q=viriathus+celtic+lusitania+academia&pg=PT268#v=snippet&q=viriathus%20celtic%20lusitania%20academia&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> wrested control of all of western Iberia. Rome sent legions to quell the rebellion but were unsuccessful. Roman leaders bribed Viriathus's allies to kill him in 139 BC; he was replaced by [[Tautalus]].

In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of [[Roman province]]. Later, a northern province was separated from the province of [[Hispania Tarraconensis|Tarraconensis]], under Emperor [[Diocletian]]'s reforms, known as [[Gallaecia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Conejo |first1=Noé |title=Coins and ''villae'' in late Roman Lusitania: collapse of the Roman currency economy? |journal=Post-Classical Archaeologies |volume=10 |year=2020 |pages=219–246 |url=http://www.postclassical.it/PCA_Vol.10_files/PCA10_Conejo.pdf |access-date=17 November 2020 |archive-date=28 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928010929/http://www.postclassical.it/PCA_Vol.10_files/PCA10_Conejo.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> There are numerous ruins of castros ([[hill forts]]) and remains of the [[Castro culture]], like the [[Castro of Monte Mozinho|Mozinho]], [[Castro of Zambujal|Zambujal]], [[Castro of Cidadelhe|Cidadelhe]], [[Conímbriga]], [[Miróbriga|Mirobriga]], [[Citânia de Briteiros|Briteiros]] archaeological sites.