Editing Portland, Oregon (section)

===20th-century development===
[[File:White Eagle Portland.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Hryszko Brothers Building|White Eagle Saloon]] (c. 1910), one of many in Portland that had reputed ties to illegal activities such as [[gambling]] rackets and [[prostitution]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Roos, Roy E.|date=January 8, 2010|title=The White Eagle Saloon|url=http://eliotneighborhood.org/2010/01/08/the-white-eagle-saloon/|access-date=October 30, 2015|work=Eliot Neighborhood}}</ref>]] [[File:Burnside in 1937 (8516830500).jpg|thumb|[[Burnside Street]], 1937]]

Between 1900 and 1930, the city's population tripled from nearly 100,000 to 301,815.<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|access-date=June 4, 2016|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> During [[World War II]], it housed an "assembly center" from which up to 3,676 people of Japanese descent were dispatched to [[Internment of Japanese Americans|internment camps]] in the heartland. It was the first American city to have residents report thus,<ref name=Pac>"'Return & Remembrance': In Commemoration of the 75th Anniversary of E.O. 9066," ''[[Pacific Citizen]],'' June 2–15, 2017, p. 4</ref> and the [[Pacific International Livestock Exposition]] operated from May through September 10, 1942, processing people from the city, northern Oregon, and [[central Washington]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Portland%20(detention%20facility)/|title=Portland (detention facility)|encyclopedia=[[Densho Encyclopedia]]}}</ref> General [[John L. DeWitt|John DeWitt]] called the city the first "Jap-free city on the West Coast".<ref name=Pac/>

At the same time, Portland became a notorious hub for underground criminal activity and [[organized crime]] in the 1940s and 1950s.<ref name="ellis">{{cite news|url=http://atomicredhead-media.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/Ellis-Portland-Vice1.pdf|title=Portland's Dirty Little Secret: How Vice and Corruption Held the Rose City in Its Clutches|author=Ellis, Janey|work=Oregon History|access-date=October 30, 2015|archive-date=January 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118095613/http://atomicredhead-media.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/Ellis-Portland-Vice1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1957, ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine published an article detailing the city's history of [[Political corruption|government corruption]] and crime, specifically its gambling rackets and illegal nightclubs.<ref name="ellis"/> The article, which focused on [[crime boss]] [[Jim Elkins (Oregon criminal)|Jim Elkins]], became the basis of a fictionalized film titled ''[[Portland Exposé]]'' (1957). In spite of the city's seedier undercurrent of criminal activity, Portland enjoyed an economic and industrial surge during World War II. Ship builder [[Henry J. Kaiser]] had been awarded contracts to build [[Liberty ship]]s and aircraft carrier escorts, and chose sites in Portland and [[Vancouver, Washington]], for work yards.<ref name="ohs2003toll">{{cite web|title=Home Front Boom|first=William|last=Toll|year=2003|url=http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/narratives/subtopic.cfm?subtopic_ID=213|publisher=[[Oregon Historical Society]]|access-date=October 30, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609021755/http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/narratives/subtopic.cfm?subtopic_ID=213|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> During this time, Portland's population rose by over 150,000, largely attributed to recruited laborers.<ref name="ohs2003toll"/>

During the 1960s, an influx of [[hippie]] subculture began to take root in the city in the wake of [[San Francisco]]'s burgeoning [[Counterculture|countercultural]] scene.<ref name="1960s">{{cite book|last1=Olsen|first1=Polina|url=https://archive.org/details/portlandin1960ss0000olse|title=Portland in the 1960s: Stories from the Counterculture|date=2012|publisher=The History Press|isbn=978-1-60949-471-1|location=Charleston, South Carolina|url-access=registration}}</ref> The city's [[Crystal Ballroom (Portland, Oregon)|Crystal Ballroom]] became a hub for the city's [[psychedelic culture]], while [[food cooperative]]s and listener-funded media and radio stations were established.<ref name="60s">{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/century/1960_index.html|work=Oregon Live|title=The 1960s|series=An Oregon Century|access-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref> A large [[social activism|social activist]] presence evolved during this time as well, specifically concerning [[Native American rights]], [[environmentalism|environmentalist]] causes, and [[gay rights]].<ref name="60s"/> By the 1970s, Portland had well established itself as a progressive city, and experienced an economic boom for the majority of the decade; however, the slowing of the housing market in 1979 caused demand for the city and state timber industries to drop significantly.<ref name="70s">{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/century/1970_index.html|work=Oregon Live|title=The 1970s|series=An Oregon Century|access-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref>