Editing Pope Pius IV (section)

==Pontificate==
===Election===
{{Main|Papal conclave, 1559}}
On the death of [[Pope Paul IV]], he was [[Papal conclave, 1559|elected]] pope on 25 December 1559, taking the name Pius IV,<ref name="catholic"/> and installed on 6 January 1560. His first public acts of importance were to grant a general pardon to the participants in the riot after the death of his predecessor, and to bring to trial the nephews of his predecessor. One, Cardinal [[Carlo Carafa]], was strangled, and [[Giovanni Carafa, Duke of Paliano|Duke Giovanni Carafa of Paliano]], with his nearest associates, was beheaded.

===Council of Trent===
[[File:Pius IV Testone.jpg|thumb|upright|''Testone'' coin with arms of Pius IV]]
On 18 January 1562 the [[Council of Trent]], which had been suspended by [[Pope Julius III]], was convened by Pius IV for the third and final time.<ref>Bard Thompson, ''Humanists and Reformers: A History of the Renaissance and Reformation'', (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1996), 520.</ref> Great skill and caution were necessary to effect a settlement of the questions before it, inasmuch as the three principal nations taking part in it, though at issue with regard to their own special demands, were prepared to unite their forces against the demands of Rome. Pius IV, however, aided by [[Giovanni Morone]] and [[Charles Borromeo]], proved himself equal to the emergency, and by judicious management – and concession – brought the council to a termination satisfactory to the disputants and favourable to the pontifical authority. Its definitions and decrees were confirmed by a [[papal bull]] ("[[Benedictus Deus (Pius IV)|''Benedictus Deus'']]") dated 26 January 1564; and, though they were received with certain limitations by [[Kingdom of France|France]] and [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]], the famous Creed of Pius IV, or [[Tridentine Creed]], became an authoritative expression of the Catholic faith.<ref>Imma Penn, ''Dogma Evolution and Papal Fallacies'', (AuthorHouse, 2007), 195. {{Self-published source|date=July 2020}}</ref> The more marked manifestations of stringency during his pontificate appear to have been prompted rather than spontaneous, his personal character inclining him to moderation and ease.

Thus, a warning, issued in 1564, summoning [[Jeanne d'Albret]], the Queen of [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]], before the [[Inquisition]] on a charge of [[Calvinism]], was withdrawn by him in deference to the indignant protest of [[Charles IX of France]]. In the same year he published a bull granting the use of the cup to the laity of [[Archduchy of Austria|Austria]] and [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]]. One of his strongest passions appears to have been that of building, which somewhat strained his resources in contributing to the adornment of Rome (including the new [[Porta Pia]] and Via Pia, named after him, and the northern extension (''Addizione'') of the [[rione]] of [[borgo (rione of Rome)|Borgo]]), and in carrying on the work of restoration, erection, and fortification in various parts of the ecclesiastical states.

On the other hand, others bemoaned the austere Roman culture during his papacy; [[Giorgio Vasari]] in 1567 spoke of a time when "the grandeurs of this place reduced by stinginess of living, dullness of dress, and simplicity in so many things; Rome is fallen into much misery, and if it is true that Christ loved poverty and the City wishes to follow in his steps she will quickly become beggarly...".<ref>Freedberg SJ, p. 429.</ref>

===Doctrinal teachings===
In addition to ''Benedictus Deus'', Pius issued a papal bull on 24 March 1564 entitled ''Dominici Gregis Custodiae'' which set out the rules for forbidding books, including the stipulation that reading a vernacular translation of the Old Testament was restricted to learned and pious men who had episcopal permission.<ref>McNamara, E., [https://web.archive.org/web/20180326052311/http://www.ewtn.com/library/liturgy/zlitur149.htm Pius V's 1570 Bull], published 31 October 2016, archived 26 March 2018, accessed 5 August 2023</ref>

===Consistories===
{{main|Cardinals created by Pius IV}}
Pius IV created 46 cardinals in four consistories during his pontificate, and elevated three nephews to the cardinalate, including Charles Borromeo. The pope also made Ugo Boncompagni, who would later be elected [[Pope Gregory XIII]], a cardinal. In 1561, the pope nominated [[Daniele Barbaro]] as a cardinal "''[[in pectore]]''"; however, the nomination was never publicly revealed. In 1565, Pius IV offered the cardinalate to [[Jean Parisot de Valette]], the grand master of the [[Order of Malta]], in recognition for his [[Great Siege of Malta|defense of Malta]] against the [[Ottoman Empire]]; however, he declined the pope's invitation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/consistories-xvi.htm#PiusIV|title=Pius IV (1559-1565)|publisher=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church|date=|author=Salvador Miranda|accessdate=10 March 2022}}</ref>

===Conspiracy===
A conspiracy against Pius IV, headed by Benedetto Accolti, cousin of cardinal [[Benedetto Accolti the Younger]], was discovered and crushed in 1565.<ref>Marjorie Reeves, ''The Influence of Prophecy in the Later Middle Ages: A Study in Joachimism'', (Oxford University Press, 1969), 368.</ref>

===Architectural achievements===
During the reign of Pius IV, [[Michelangelo]] rebuilt the basilica of [[Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri|Santa Maria degli Angeli]] (in [[Diocletian's Baths]]) and the eponymous Villa Pia, now known as [[Casina Pio IV]], in the [[Vatican Gardens]] designed by [[Pirro Ligorio]]. It is now the headquarters of the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]]. He also assigned Michelangelo to build [[Porta Pia]].<ref>Goldscheider, L. (1953). Michelangelo : Schilderijen, beeldhouwwerken, architectuur : Complete uitgave. London : Utrecht: Phaidon; De Haan. 23.</ref>

Pius IV also ordered public construction to improve the water supply of Rome.<ref>Katherine Rinne, ''Waters of Rome'' {{full citation needed|date=May 2018}}</ref>

===Beatifications===
During his papacy, Pius IV canonised no saints and only [[Beatification|beatified]] one individual, [[Gundisalvus of Amarante]], on 16 September 1561.