Editing Pope Julius III (section)

===Church reforms===
At the start of his reign Julius had seriously desired to bring about a reform of the Catholic Church and to reconvene the [[Council of Trent]], but very little was actually achieved during his five years in office. In 1551, at the request of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles V]], he consented to the reopening of the Council of Trent and entered into a league against the duke of Parma and [[Henry II of France]] (1547–59), causing the [[War of Parma]]. However, Julius soon came to terms with the duke and France and in 1553 suspended the meetings of the council.<ref>Richard P. McBrien, 283–284.</ref>

Henry had threatened to withdraw recognition from the Pope if the new Pope was pro-Habsburg in orientation, and when Julius III reconvened the Council of Trent, Henry blocked French bishops from attending and did not enforce the papal decrees in France. Even after Julius III suspended the council again he proceeded to bully the pope into taking his side against the Habsburgs by threatening schism.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Miles Pattenden |title=Pius IV and the Fall of The Carafa: Nepotism and Papal Authority in Counter-Reformation Rome |date=2013 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0191649615 |page=41}}</ref>[[Image:IMG 0684 - Danti, Vincenzo - Giulio III -1555- - Foto G. Dall'Orto - 5 ago 2006 - 01.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Bronze statue in [[Perugia]], 1555]]

Julius increasingly contented himself with Italian politics and retired to his luxurious palace at the [[Villa Giulia]], which he had built for himself close to the [[Porta del Popolo]]. From there he passed the time in comfort, emerging from time to time to make timid efforts to reform the Church through the reestablishment of the reform commissions. He was a friend of the [[Jesuits]], to whom he granted a fresh confirmation in 1550; and through the [[papal bull]], ''Dum sollicita'' of August 1552, he founded the [[Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum|Collegium Germanicum]], and granted an annual income.<ref>Oskar Garstein, ''Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia'', (BRILL, 1992), 105.</ref>

During his pontificate, Catholicism was restored in England under [[Mary I of England|Queen Mary]] in 1553. Julius sent Cardinal [[Reginald Pole]] as legate with powers that he could use at his discretion to help the restoration succeed.<ref>Richard P. McBrien, 284.</ref> In February 1555, an envoy was dispatched from the English Parliament to Julius to inform him of the country's formal submission, but the pope died before the envoy reached Rome.

Shortly before his death, Julius dispatched Cardinal [[Giovanni Morone]] to represent the interests of the Holy See at the [[Peace of Augsburg]].<ref>Kenneth Meyer Setton, ''The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571'', Vol. IV, (The American Philosophical Society, 1984), 603.</ref> His inactivity during the last three years of his pontificate may have been caused by the frequent and severe attacks of gout.<ref name=Ott/>