Editing Poltergeist (section)

===Psychological===
A claim of activity at [[Caledonia Mills]] (1899–1922) was investigated by [[Walter Franklin Prince]], research officer for the [[American Society for Psychical Research]] in 1922. Prince concluded that the mysterious fires and alleged poltergeist phenomena were because of a psychological state of [[Dissociation (psychology)|dissociation]].<ref>[[John Robert Colombo|Colombo, John Robert]]. (2000). ''Ghost Stories of Canada''. Dundurn. p. 43. {{ISBN|0-88882-222-7}}</ref>

[[Nandor Fodor]] investigated the [[Thornton Heath poltergeist|Thornton Heath poltergeist claim (1938)]]. His conclusion of the case was a psychoanalytical explanation and in a subsequent publication: "The poltergeist is not a ghost. It is a bundle of projected repressions,".<ref name="Timms 2012">Timms, Joanna. (2012). [http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/pah.2012.0097 ''Phantasm of Freud: Nandor Fodor and the Psychoanalytic Approach to the Supernatural in Interwar Britain'']. Psychoanalysis & History. Volume 14: 5-27. {{blockquote|claim for the recognition of a malevolent type of psycho-physiological disturbance, to which "haunted people" find themselves subjected...Nothing that is submitted in this book is believable}}</ref>

According to research in [[anomalistic psychology]], claims of poltergeist activity can be explained by psychological factors such as [[illusion]], [[Memory#Failures|memory lapses]], and [[wishful thinking]].<ref>[[Leonard Zusne|Zusne, Leonard]]; Jones, Warren H. (1989). ''Anomalistic Psychology: A Study of Magical Thinking''. Psychology Press. p. 192. {{ISBN|978-0805805086}}</ref> A study (by Lange and Houran, 1998) wrote that poltergeist experiences are [[delusion]]s "resulting from the affective and cognitive dynamics of percipients' interpretation of ambiguous stimuli".<ref>Lange, R; Houran, J. (1998). ''Delusions of the paranormal: A haunting question of perception''. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 186 (10): 637–645.</ref> Psychologist [[Donovan Rawcliffe]] has written that almost all poltergeist cases that have been investigated turned out to be based on trickery, whilst the rest are attributable to psychological factors such as [[hallucination]]s.<ref>[[Donovan Rawcliffe|Rawcliffe, Donovan]]. (1988). Occult and Supernatural Phenomena. Dover Publications. pp. 377–378. {{ISBN|0-486-25551-4}}</ref>

[[Psychoanalyst]] [[Carl Gustav Jung]] was interested in the concept of poltergeists and the occult in general. Jung believed that a female cousin's [[trance]] states were responsible for a dining table splitting in two and his later discovery of a broken bread knife.<ref name="Wilson2010">{{cite book|author=Colin Wilson|title=Poltergeist: A Classic Study in Destructive Hauntings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O68ayjhr3O8C|date=8 November 2010|publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide|isbn=978-0-7387-2237-5}}</ref>

Jung also believed that when a bookcase gave an explosive cracking sound during a meeting with [[Sigmund Freud]] in 1909, he correctly predicted there would be a second sound, speculating that such phenomena were caused by the 'exteriorization' of his subconscious mind. Freud disagreed, and concluded there was some natural cause. Freud's biographers maintain the sounds were likely caused by the wood of the bookcase contracting as it dried out.<ref name="Wilson2019">{{cite book|author=Colin Wilson|title=C.G.Jung: Lord of the Underworld|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cvaKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT2|date=21 February 2019|publisher=Aeon Books|isbn=978-1-912807-53-6|pages=2–}}</ref><ref>CG Jung, ''Memories, Dreams, Reflections'', Flamingo 1983, pp 126, 179</ref>