Editing Politics of Vietnam (section)

==Communist Party of Vietnam==
{{Main|Communist Party of Vietnam}}
[[File:Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam.svg|thumb|The flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam]]
According to the official version, the Communist Party of Vietnam ({{langx|vi|Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam}}) is leading the Vietnamese people "in carrying out the country's renovation, modernisation and industrialisation."<ref name="Politicalsystem"/> According to the Party's statute, amended at the [[9th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam|9th National Congress]] on 22 April 2001, the CPV was "established and trained by President Hồ Chí Minh, has led the Vietnamese people to carry out successfully the August Revolution, establishing the Democratic Republic of Việt Nam, now the Socialist Republic of Việt Nam, to defeat foreign invaders, to abolish the colonial and feudalist regime, to liberate and reunify the country, and then carry out the cause of renovation and socialist construction and firmly defend national independence."<ref name="Politicalsystem"/> It believes in [[socialist internationalism]] of the [[working class]], and supports the "struggle for peace, national independence, democracy and social progress of the world's people."<ref name="Politicalsystem"/> The CPV acts as the vanguard of the working people and the whole nation by representing their interests. Its aim is to create "a strong, independent, prosperous and democratic country with an equitable and civilized society, to realise [[Socialism (marxism)|socialism]] and ultimately, communism." The Party's ideological foundation is Marxism–Leninism and Hồ Chí Minh Thoughts. These ideologies guide the activities of the Party, while promoting "the nation's traditions, and absorbing other nations' essential ideas."<ref name="Politicalsystem"/>

The CPV is organised on the principles of [[democratic centralism]]. It practices "criticism, self-criticism, and strict discipline" and pursues "[[collective leadership]] and individual responsibility, and promoting comradeship and solidarity in line with the Party's political programs and statutes."<ref name="Politicalsystem"/> The CPV is subject to Vietnamese laws and the Constitution. It is the country's ruling party and promotes the "[[Lê Duẩn#Political beliefs|mastery of the people over the country]]". The Party is under the supervision of the people. It is dependent on having the people contribute to the party, by strengthening, uniting, and leading the people in the [[Revolutionary socialism|revolutionary cause]]. The political system in Vietnam is led by the CPV, and it "leads, respects and promotes the role of the State, the [[Vietnamese Fatherland Front]] (VFF) and other socio-political organisations."<ref name="Politicalsystem"/>

In 2021, General Secretary of the Communist Party, [[Nguyễn Phú Trọng|Nguyen Phu Trong]], was re-elected for  his third term in office, meaning he is Vietnam's most powerful leader in decades.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vietnam's ruling Communist Party re-elects chief Trong for rare third term |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20210131-vietnam-s-ruling-communist-party-re-elects-chief-trong-for-rare-third-term |work=France 24 |date=31 January 2021 }}</ref>

===Congress===
{{Main|National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam}}
The National Congress is the party's highest organ.{{sfn|Van|Cooper|1983|p=56}} The direction of the Party and the Government is decided at the National Congress, held every fifth year. The Central Committee is elected by the National Congress.{{sfn|Ashwill|Thai|2005|p=47}} Delegates vote on policies and candidate posts within the central party leadership. Following ratification of the decisions taken at the National Congress, the National Congress dissolves itself. The Central Committee, which is elected by the National Congress every fifth year, implements the decisions of the National Congress in the five-year period. Since the Central Committee only meets twice a year, the Politburo implements the policies of the National Congress.{{sfn|Van|Cooper|1983|p=56}}

===Central Committee===
[[File:HoChiMinhCity01c.jpg|thumb| [[Communist Party of Vietnam]] billboard marking the 30th anniversary of the reunification of the country in 1975]]
{{Main|Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam}}
The Central Committee (CC) is the CPV's most powerful institution.{{sfn|East|Thomas|2003|p=574}} It delegates some of its powers to the [[Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Secretariat]] and the [[Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Politburo]] when it is not in session.{{sfn|Rowley|2008|p=187}} When the [[Vietnam War]] ended in 1975, the Vietnamese leadership, led by [[Lê Duẩn]], began to centralise power. This policy continued until the [[6th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam|6th National Congress]], when [[Nguyễn Văn Linh]] took power. Linh pursued a policy of economic and political decentralisation.<ref name="Abuza, Zachary 121–145">{{cite journal |author=Abuza, Zachary|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25798583|title=The Lessons of Le Kha Phieu: Changing Rules in Vietnamese politics|journal=Contemporary Southeast Asia |date=16 November 2001|volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=121–145 |publisher=Vietnamese Professionals of America. [[Catholic University of America]]|jstor=25798583 }}</ref> The party and state bureaucracy opposed Linh's reform initiatives; because of this, Linh tried to win the support of provincial leaders. This caused the powers of the provincial chapters of the CPV to increase in the 1990s. The CPV lost its power to appoint or dismiss provincial-level officials in the 1990s; this is proven by the fact that [[Võ Văn Kiệt]] tried to wrestle this power back to the centre during the 1990s without success. These developments led to the provincialisation of the Central Committee; for example, more and more CC members have a background in provincial party work. Because of these changes, power in Vietnam has become increasingly devolved.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Abuza, Zachary|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25798583|title=The Lessons of Le Kha Phieu: Changing Rules in Vietnamese politics|journal=Contemporary Southeast Asia |date=16 November 2001|volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=121–145 |publisher=Vietnamese Professionals of America. [[Catholic University of America]] |jstor=25798583 }}</ref> The number of Central Committee members with a provincial background increased from a low of 15.6 percent in 1982 to a high of 41 percent in 2000. The former [[President of Vietnam|President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam]] [[Trương Tấn Sang]] (2011–2016) was directly elected from the provinces at the [[8th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam|8th Party Congress]], held in 1996.<ref name="Abuza, Zachary 121–145"/> Because of the devolution of power, the powers of the Central Committee have increased substantially; for instance, when a two-thirds majority of the [[Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Politburo]] voted in favour of retaining [[Lê Khả Phiêu]] as [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam|General Secretary]] (the leader of Vietnam), the Central Committee voted against the Politburo's motion and voted unanimously in favour of removing Lê Khả Phiêu from his post of General Secretary.<ref name="Abuza, Zachary 121–145"/> The Central Committee did this because the majority of its members were of provincial background, or were working in the provinces; because of this, these members were the first to feel the pinch when the economy began to stagnate during Lê Khả Phiêu's rule.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Abuza, Zachary|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25798583|title=The Lessons of Le Kha Phieu: Changing Rules in Vietnamese politics|journal=Contemporary Southeast Asia |date=16 November 2001|volume=24 |issue=1 |publisher=Vietnamese Professionals of America. [[Catholic University of America]]|pages=11–12|jstor=25798583 }}</ref>

The Central Committee elects the Politburo in the aftermath of the Party Congress. Since the full Central Committee meets only once a year, the Politburo functions as the Party's leading collective decision-making body.{{sfn|Van|Cooper|1983|p=69}} The Secretariat is also elected by the Central Committee, and is headed by the [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam|General Secretary]] ({{langx|vi|Tổng Bí thư Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam}}). It is responsible for solving organizational problems and implementing the demands of the Central Committee. The Secretariat oversees the work of the Commissions of the Central Committee. The General Secretary is the de facto leader of Vietnam.

{{office-table}}
|[[General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam|General Secretary]] of the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Central Committee]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Nguyễn Phú Trọng]]
|[[Communist Party of Vietnam|Communist Party]]
|rowspan="2"| 19 January 2011
|-
|Secretary of the [[Central Military Commission (Vietnam)|Central Military Commission]]
|Communist Party
|-
|Secretary of the [[Central Public Security Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Central Public Security Commission]]
|[[Tô Lâm]]
|Communist party
| May 2016
|-
|[[Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Executive Secretary]] of the [[Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Secretariat]]
|vacancy ([[Võ Thị Ánh Xuân]] (par intérim))
|Communist Party
|2024
|-
|Head of the [[Central Commission of Organization of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Central Commission of Organization]]
|[[Trương Thị Mai]]
|Communist Party
|5 April 2021
|-
|Chairman of the [[Central Inspection Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Central Commission for Inspection]]
|[[Trần Cẩm Tú]]
|Communist Party
|9 May 2018
|-
|Head of the [[Central Commission of Propaganda of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Central Commission of Propaganda]]
|[[Nguyễn Trọng Nghĩa]]
|Communist Party
|2021
|-
|Chairman of the [[Central Theoretical Council of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Central Theoretical Council]]
|[[Nguyễn Xuân Thắng]]
|Communist Party
|28 March 2011
|-
|Head of the [[Central Commission of Popularization of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Central Commission of Popularization]]
|[[Bùi Thị Minh Hoài]]
|Communist Party
|2021
|-
|Head of the [[Central Office of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Central Office]]
|[[Lê Minh Hưng]]
|Communist Party
|2021
|-
|Head of the [[Central Commission of External Affairs of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Central Commission of External Affairs]] 
|[[Lê Hoài Trung]]
|Communist Party
|2021
|-
|Head of the [[Central Commission of Economy of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Central Commission of Economy]]
|[[Trần Tuấn Anh]] 
|Communist Party
|2021
|-
|Head of the [[Central Commission of Internal Affairs of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Central Commission of Internal Affairs]]
|[[Phan Đình Trạc]]
|Communist Party
|26 February 2016 (Acting Head since 2015)
|}

The following is the official order of precedence of the Politburo according to the [[13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam|13th National Party Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.dangcongsan.vn/activities-of-the-party-and-state/mr-nguyen-phu-trong-re-elected-to-be-party-general-secretary-569004.html|title=Mr. Nguyen Phu Trong re-elected to be Party General Secretary|website=en.dangcongsan.vn}}</ref>

# [[Nguyễn Phú Trọng]], Party General Secretary
# [[Nguyễn Xuân Phúc]], State President
# [[Phạm Minh Chính]], Prime Minister
# [[Vương Đình Huệ]], Chairman of the National Assembly
# [[Trần Tuấn Anh]], Head of the PCC's Commission of Economics
# [[Nguyễn Hoà Bình]], Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court
# [[Lương Cường]], General, Chairman of the General Department of Politics of the Vietnam People's Army
# [[Đinh Tiến Dũng]], Secretary of Ha Noi Municipal Party Committee
# [[Phan Văn Giang]], Minister of National Defence
# [[Tô Lâm]], Minister of Public Security
# [[Trương Thị Mai]], Head of the Party's Central Committee's Commission of Organisational Affairs
# [[Trần Thanh Mẫn]], Deputy Chairman of the National Assembly
# [[Phạm Bình Minh]], Deputy Prime Minister
# [[Nguyễn Văn Nên]], Secretary of the [[Ho Chi Minh City|Ho Chi Minh]] city Party Committee
# [[Nguyễn Xuân Thắng]], Director of the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, Chairman of the Central Theoretical Council
# [[Võ Văn Thưởng]], Standing Member of the Secretariat of the Party
# [[Phan Đình Trạc]], Head of the PCC's Commission of Internal Affairs
# [[Trần Cẩm Tú]], Chairman of the PCC's Commission of Inspection

The Secretariat (term 13) includes some Politburo members assigned to join the Secretariat and 5 comrades elected at the first PCC meeting (term 13).
# [[Nguyễn Phú Trọng]], Party General Secretary
# [[Võ Văn Thưởng]], Standing Member of the Secretariat of the Party
# [[Trương Thị Mai]], Head of the Party's Central Committee's Commission of Organisational Affairs
# [[Trần Cẩm Tú]], Chairman of the PCC's Commission of Inspection
# [[Phan Đình Trạc]], Head of the PCC's Commission of Internal Affairs
# [[Nguyễn Hòa Bình]], Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court
# [[Đỗ Văn Chiến]], Chairman of the Presidium of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front
# [[Bùi Thị Minh Hoài]], Head of the [[Central Commission of Popularization of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Central Commission of Popularization]]
# [[Lê Minh Hưng]], Chief of the Office of the PCC
# [[Lê Minh Khái]], Deputy Prime Minister
# [[Nguyễn Trọng Nghĩa]], Head of the [[Central Commission of Propaganda of the Communist Party of Vietnam|Central Commission of Propaganda]]